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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


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CIHM/!CMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibiiographiques 


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Couverture  restaur6e  et/ou  pellicul^e 

□    Cover  title  missing/ 
Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


□ 

n 
n 


D 


Coloured  maps/ 

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D 
D 

n 

□ 
a 


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obtenir  la  m  jilleure  image  possible. 


n 


Additional  comments:/ 
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This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

J 

1 

1 

^■""^ 

^^^ 

19¥ 

1RX 

20X 

24X 

28X 

32X 

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conformit6  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
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sion,  and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
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The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —»►  {meaning  "COIM- 
TINUED"),  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  tc  bo 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim6e  sont  film6s  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
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originaux  sont  film6s  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  paye  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniere  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  chaque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ♦>  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  etre 
film6s  S  des  taux  de  r6duction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  etre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  il  est  film6  d  partir 
de  I'angla  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n6cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m^thode. 


32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

'^V-'(i 


HON.  WM.  P.  PHESTON, 
President  of  Mackinac. 


>b 


H 


Wm-T-^' 


1 


/^ 


'^^ 


?■ 


ANNALS 


OF 


Fort  Mackinac 


HY 


%.i 


u 


DWIGHT    H.    K  ELTON 


LIEUT.    U.    S.    ARMV. 


ISLAND   EDITION. 

18  84. 


i;| 


!  V 


Entered  nrcordin.t,^  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1S84.  by 

DWIGHT  H.  KELTON, 
In  tl)e  oftice  of  the  Librarian  of  ConL;i-ess,  at  Washinj^ton. 


ALL    Kir.HTS    RESER\'ED 


feinted  13  v 
The  Deti'oit  Free  Press  Co. 


Beauteous  Isle  !  T  siuor  of  tliee, 

Mackiniie,  \ny  Mackniac; 
riiy  lake-bound  .shores  I  love  to  see, 
Maokiiiac,  luv  ^Mackinac. 
From  Arch  Kcjck'.s  lu'ii,rht  ami  shelving  steep 
To  western  cliffs  and  Lover's  Leap, 
Where  memories  of  the  lost  one  sleep, 
Mackinac,  my  Mackinac. 

Thy  northern  shore  trod  British  foe, 

Mackinac,  m\  Mackinac: 
That  day  saw  valiant  Holmes  laid  low, 
Mackinac,  my  Mackinac. 
Now  Freed(»m^  fl.jo-  above  ihee  Vvaves, 
And  guards  the  rest  of  fallen  braves, 
Their  requiem  sung  by  Huron's  waves, 
Mackluac,  my  Mackinac. 


I 


0 


GREETING. 


'J^IfEevx^nfnorsofanotliorl.mc.  Mac-kinac  u'intor  liavc  been 
spent  revising  and  aniplifyino-  tJie  -Annals  of    Fort 
Maelv'inac." 

Facts  have  been  simply  and  briefly  stated. 
^    .Most  of  the  old  local  records  are  in  the  Fremdi  laiK-nao-e 
in   the  translation  of  which  I  have  been  assisted  bvlieut' 

-boWAlU)    II.    Pm  MMKR. 

As  many  of  the  exphmations  of  the  i^eoo;raphical  names 
diher  from  those  usually  o-iven  and  -enerallv  ac(.epted,  it  is 
not  expected  that  they  will  escape  criticism." 

.1  ^^T^  ''^*^!f  '''^'''^  ""^  '^^"^''>^  ''^'''  prepared  especiallv  for 
tile  'Annals,  as  was  also  the  map  of  "Ancient  Michilim'acki- 
nac." 

Among  the  portraits  there  are  several  of  persons,  more 
or  less  generally  known;  among  them  that  of  Rev  Father 
Edward  Jacker, widely  known  as  the  discoverer  of  Marquette'^ 
grave;  also  that  of  Col.  Pat.  Donan,  who  has  done  more  than 
any  hvmg  man,  as  author  of  that  beautiful  little  volume 
''Maekmac  Island,  the  Wave-wnshed  Tourists'  Paradise  of 
the  Fnsalted  Seas,"  to  attract  the  attention  of  tourists  to  the 
Isle  of  the  Dancing  Spirits." 


(J 


GliEKTINO. 


AiiioMi;  otliers  I  nin  uiuKt  oldiiriitions  to  the  following?: 
Ris!<iin(j  at  M'ikinar~\)\i.  Joii.v  U.  15a[i,i;y.  II<.n.  .I^hn 

1I||)I>I,K,  llnX.  Wll.MA.M  V.  TuKSTON.  HoN.  BkXoM  I.AOHANCE, 
Hon.  Ja.MKS  LaSLEY,  CaPT.  CrKnUciK  C.  Kk'ruium,  Jamks  F. 
C'AHLE,  I^wSCi. 

Spaco  ill  this  siniill  volume  will  not  allow  me  to  mention 
by  niun(3  the  many  iiersons  to  wl)om  I  am  indebted  for 
vahiabh^  assistance,  nor  the  many  records,  mannseri])ts  and 
bookis  consulted. 


JO  ,  /v^ti'^^<^?^^/ 


Fort  Maoktnac,  Mich., 
June^  188Jf, 


Fairy  Arch. 


r"a 


^Of/j// 


m^ 


ANCIENT  MICHILIMAKINAC. 


< 


^ 
^ 


Ki 


ID 

S  o 

^    I 

j^  CD 

O 
< 

< 


The  nniiie  ]\ri('liiliin;ikiii;»c,  or.  as  tlie  Indians  pronounce  it, 
J/'/.v///?//'///''/'///^^/;y.  jii'dpcrly  siiTiiities '•  The  country  of  the 
MifihrnniHih'!."  (Thus.  (Hiurandng,  tiic  <'(»nntry  of  the 
Otawa;  O^fV/.'^-'/w/u^//;/,  tlie  country  of  tlie  (-)jilnva ;  Osagi- 
luntg  [Englisli,  8a^i»'ina\vJ,  tlie  (M.untry  of  the  Osiiki,  or  Sac 
hulians).  And.  in  fact,  tbr  term  "  Micliilimackinac.'"  or,  "'the 
country  tif  IMichiliinackinac/'  was  by  tlie  early  French  apj^lied 
to  a  large  j)(.;rtion  of  the  eastern  half  of  the  U|)])er  Penin- 
sula of  Michii;'aii. 

By  degrees  the  term  was  restricted  to  the  French  and  In- 
dian settlements  on  either  side  of  the  strait,  and  finally  to 
the  Island  of  ]\[ackinac. 

Tlie  French  La  Pointe  de  St.  [(jnao  had  likewise  a 
broader  signification  than  the  present  Point  St.  Ignace. 

It  was  a])plied  to  the  whole  of  the  little  peninsula  wliose 
basis  may  i>e  defined  b}'  a  line  drawn  due  west  from  the 
mouth  of  Carp  liiver  to  Lake  Michigan.  Our  map  shows 
only  the  southern  half  of  it. 


CJ 
"5 


Ul 
O 

•z 

< 


EAPJJEST   INHABITANTS. 

The  "  Ancient  miners  "  of  upper  Michigan  probably  con- 
nected M'ith  the  "  Mound  builders  "  of  tlie  Mississippi  Valley, 
and  with  the  Toltecs  and  Aztecs,  may  have  had  an  agricul- 
tural out-post  at  St.  Ignace.  The  vestiges  of  a  mound  have 
been  traced  in  the  neiiihborhood  of  Point  La  Barbe.  No 
tradition,  however,  referring  to  that  people  is  found  among 
our  Indians.     The  earliest  inhabitants  known  to  the  latter 


10 


ANNALS    OF    FoKT    :MA(KINAC. 


were  tJio  Mi^litiilinaki^  ui",  as  tliey  now  call  tliuin,   Mlslibii- 
maklnago. 

Accordiiiii"  t<»  ihc  srat-eiiu'iit  of  a  few  still  sm-vivinu'  at  tlio 
time  of  tlio  Frciicli  O('cii[);itioii,  that  tribo  was  all  but  exter- 
minated by  tlio  Irociuois,  in  retaliation  foi-  a  successful  raid 
made  by  them  into  the  c(;untiy  of  the  latter. 


t 


w 


1  I 


A.\(  1  1;N  r    .M  K   1 1 1  I.I  M  A  K  I  .N  AC. 


11 


EARLY    FREXCir    VISITORS.    AM) 

LNDIAX   SKTTI.KRS. 


TRANSIENT 


John  Nicolet,  on  liis  rcinai'k;»l)le  journey  from  Canada  to 
Green  Bay — aliout  lO;'-! — was  nndonhtedly  tlio  first  wliite 
man  tliat  saw  tlie  Island  of  lyfaekinae,  a;!d,  C(»astini»:  around 
the  little  j)(,'ninsul;t,  eiitered  Lake  Miehi^ui. 

Fi'<»in  the  meagre  account  left  of  his  journey,  i.'othing  can 
be  gleaned  regarding  the  inliahitants  of  the  Mackinac  country 
at  that  pei'iod. 

But  whatever  Indian  population  that  intrepid  traveler  may 
liave  met  there,  the  whole  neighlxji'hood  was  deserted  twenty 
years  later,  wdien  the  ascendancy  gained  hy  theIro(pi(»is  in 
consequence  of  their  destructive  onslaught  on  tlie  Ilurons 
(1041)),  had  compelled  all  .le  little  AlgoiKpiin  clans  on  Lake 
Huron  to  seek  safer  quarters  on  Lake  Superior  and  Green 
Bay.  In  1651,  or  perhaps  the  year  following,  the  small 
tribe  of  Tionontate  Ilurons,  on  their  flight  before  the  Iro- 
quois, reached  Mackinac,  and  deeming  the  island  a  safe  re- 
treat, held  it  for  about  two  year^: ,  but  being  deceived  in  their 
expectation,  retreated  to  the  islands  at  the  mouth  of  Green 
Bay,  and  later  on,  to  its  head. 

Some  of  the  old  clearings  which  dot  the  wooded  part  of 
]\lackinac  Island  may  date  back  to  that  period,  for  the  Tion- 
ontates  were  tillers  of  the  soil.  In  the  autumn  of  165-1,  two 
young  Frenchmen,  convoyed  by  Indian^  passed  Mackiiuic, 
on  their  way  to  Green  Bav.  Thev  repassed  the  island  in  the 
summer  of  1656,  with  fifty  canoes  laden  witii  fur  for  the 
Canada  market,  and  manned  by  five  hundred  Ilurons  and 
Algonquins. 

The  next  Frenchman  known  to  have  passed  the  strait  was 
Nicolas  Ferrot,  to   wdiose   Memoirs  we  are  indebtetl    for   a 


•'iV^iimm 


12 


ANNALS    OF    FOUT    MACKINAC 


portion  of  wliut  we  know  of  tliose  early  times.  He  made 
]iis  first  journey  to  Green  Bay  a])out  1665.  From  that  date 
^](>^\■n  to  the  end  of  tlie  century,  Perrot  was  a  frequent  visi- 
tor at  Maekinae,  and  on  some  occasions  played  a  conspicuous 
part  in  the  transactions  hetween  his  countrymen  and  the  In- 
(h'ans  at  that  post.  At  length  the  P>lack  Gown  arrived. 
Father  Claude  Allouez  was  the  first  of  the  Jesuit  mission- 
aries wlio  saw  tlie  far-famed  island.  He  had  left  La  Pointe 
da  St.  Esprit  on  Lake  Superior  in  the  summer  of  KKJi),  and 
started  from  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  November  3rd,with  two  French 
companions  and  some  Pottawatomie  Indians,  From  Novem- 
ber 5th  to  rith,  he  lav  wind  and  snow-bound  on  "Little  St. 
j\Iartin's  Island,"  to  which  he  probably  gave  its  name,  the 
dav  of  liis  departure  beinir  St.  Maitin's  dav.  Crossing  over 
from  "  Big  St.  Martin's  Island  "  to  the  o])posite  shore,  he 
met  two  Frenchmen  and  a  tew  Indians,  who  endeavored  in 
vain  to  nudve  him  desist  from  his  intended  visit  to  Green 
Bay,  so  late  in  the  season. 

While  Coasting  along  the  shore,  with  the  island  in  view, 
the  missionary  listened  with  pleasure  to  the  recital,  by  his 
Indian  companions,  of  some  of  the  legends  which  the  author 
of  Hiawatha  has  put  into  English  verse.  Hiawatha  is  the 
Mena-bosho,  or  Nena-boslio,  of  the  Algonquins ;  and  the 
Island  of  Mackinac  was  considered  as  his  birth))lace  ;  and 
again,  after  the  Hood,  as  the  locality  where  that  civilizer  of 
mankind,  observing  a  spider  weaving  its  web,  invented  the 
art  of  fishing  with  gill-nets.  Father  Allouez  reached  the 
her.d  of  Green  Bay  after  a  month's  journey  full  of  hrrdship 
and  peril. 


m^'- 


ASCI  !•; .N  1     M  K  1 1 1  [,  I M  A  K  I N  AC. 


13 


over 
3,  he 


lew, 

y  iiis 

uthor 
tlie 
the 
and 

er  of 
the 
the 

iship 


TriE  MISSIOX  OF  ST.   IGXATIUS— FATIIEU  MAR- 

QFETTK— HIS  CHArEL. 

In  tlie  fall  of  1<17«»,  Fatlier  Chmde  Dahlon.  in  hi*  capacity 
as  Superior  of  tlic  Jesuits  on  the  upper  lakes,  selected  the 
point  nortli  of  tlie  strait,  tiien  tirst  called  Iai  Po'inte  de  St. 
Jgnact\  as  the  site  of  a  new  missionary  estal)lishinent  in  the 
place  of  the  mission  at  La.  Pn'mtr  d n  St  !upr'(t,  on  Lake 
Su})crior,  then  on  the  point  of  heinii"  abandoned.  ( )iie  of 
the  fathers,  most  likely  l)a1>lon  himself,  s])ent  the  winter  on 
the  spot,  in  all  probability  within  the  limits  of  tlie  pi'c.-cnt 
villa^-e  of  St.  li^'naee,  and  ])ut  up  some  provisional  buildinii's. 

A  few  Indians  only,  wintered  in  the  neii;]d)orhood.  but  new 
and  permanent  settlers  were  expected;  tirst  of  all  the  wander- 
ing Tionontate  Ilnrons,  Leaving'  Green  l>ay,  ItJ.KJ  or  Wuu, 
that  remarkable  clan,  rheii  consisting  ()f  about  5»>0  souls,  had 
reached  the  Tpper  Mississippi,  and  afier  many  adventures 
and  reverses,  tinallv  settled  on  the  IJav  of  Shaii'awamiirona' — 
now  Ashland  Day,  Wis. — where  Father  Allouez  met  them 
in  1(505.  Since  the  autumn  nf  iOdll.  thev  had  l)cen  under 
the  care  of  Father  Manpiette,  who  was  now  (l()Ti)  to  accom- 
pany them  back  to  the  Mackinac  couutrv. 

The  l>arty  ai'rived  at  St.  Igiiace  t(»wards  the  end  of  June, 
at  the  earliest,  tor  at  the  great  gathering  of  Indians  and 
French  in  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  J  luie  1-Itli,  the\'  had  not  vet 
reached  the   Ilajiids. 

The  exact  site  of  F'ather  ^[ar(piette's  tem[)orary  cha[»cl 
and  hut  (cabane)  is  not  known.  It  a[)[)ears,  however,  fr(»m 
some  incidental  remarks  in  that  Father's  report  and  in  a  later 
lUiation^  that  those  luunble  ])uildings  stood  at  some,  though 
not  a  very  considerable,  distance  from  the  Huron  fort  near 
which  the   second   church    was    built.     On    DiM-ember    >'Sth. 


14 


A.N.NAl.^    itF    KnKT    MACKINAC. 


]t*.72,  Juliet  arrivc<l  witli  orders  from  the  GoveiMior  of  NeNr 
France  and  tlie  Sui»eri<)r  of  the  Jesuits  in  Quebec  U>v  l"\irher 
]\rarijuette,  to  .iccoinpaiiy  hiiu  on    liis  j(,)urne_v  of  discoverv. 

The  party  spent  the  winter  in  8t;  liiUiice,  and  stai'ted  May 
ITrh.  1<'»7;5.  At  that  time  the  Ilurons  in  St.  Ignaee  num- 
bered 3S0  souls. 

Some  00  Otawas  of  the  Sinasjo  elan  had  hitelv  ioined  them. 


THE  IITKOX   FORT.— SECOXI)  CIirRCII. 

Jn  the  second  year  of  Manpiette's  stay,  tlie  Tionoutates- 
bepm  to  l)uild  theif  foi't  or  ])alisa<le(l  villai;'e.  Aeeordini;'  to 
J.allontans  })hin,  it  occupied  al)out  tb.e  middle  of  the  level 
iifound  surrouncHuii-  East  ■\Ioraii  Bav.  And  there  it  re- 
mained  until  the  Iluron'^'  departure  for  Detroit,  about  1T(>2. 
So.. 11  after  AEanjuette's  departure,  Fathers  Henry  Nouvel  and 
Philip  Pierson,  abandoninii'  the  old  site,  Iniilt  a  substantial,, 
though  small,  church  and  an  adj(»iniiii!:  residence,  protected, 
after  the  fashiijn  of  the  times,  by  a  palisade  enclosure.  Jn 
this  new  church  F'ather  ALinpiette's  I'cmains  were  interi'cd. 
June  'Jth,  1»)T7. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  alxnit  its  ])osition.  The  Jesuits'  re- 
]M,vt  ox  1».)T>^  places  it  in  close  |)roximity  to  the  Huron  fort. 
S»t  does  Lallontan,  in  lt')S>.  His  plan  show>  it  south  of  the 
fort  or  villan'c,  from  which  he  says:  ''It  is  only  separated 
by  a  ])alisade  enclosure." 

And  there  it  undoubtedly  remained  until  its  destruction 
by  lire,  about  1T<J0. 


ANX'IENT   IMJCillLIMAKINAC. 


15 


ALGOXQnX  VILLAGE  AND  CIIURCLL 

Soon  after  Mar(|uette's  ck'parture,  several  clans  of  Otuwas 
and  kindred  tribes — all  coni])ri8ed  by  the  missionaries  under 
the  name  of  Algoncpiins — made  their  a])pearance  and  settled 
nil  the  shore  of  Lake  Huron,  a  little  over  two  miles  from  the 
Jesuits'  residence,  accordingly  near  the  bluif  called  by  the 
Indians  the  "She  Ilabbit,"  south  of  the  "lie  Kabbit/'  or 
"  Sitting  Iwabbit  "  (Habbit's  P>ack).  Here  too  a  chrx'ch,  and  a 
dwellin2:  house  for  the  Otawa  missionai'v,  were  built.  Ac- 
cording  to  Hennepin,  who  officiated  in  it,  it  was  covered  with 
hark.  In  lOT'J,  LaSalle  honored  it  with  his  visit.  Of  its 
later  history  nothing  is  known.  Besides  a  floating  popula- 
tion, sometimes  not  inconsiderable,  the  "Algonrpiin  village" 
contained,  in  ir>77,  as  many  as  1300  souls,  the  principal  clan 
beino;  that  of  the  Kishkako. 


In 


ion 


Mr 


^^:^ 


k; 


A.VXAI.S    OK    KolM'    MACKINAC. 


liEMOA'AL  OF  TlIK  AL(i()X(,)riX  Ml.LA(iE. 

LalJoiitan,  who  visited  St.  I^-nacc  in  tlio  .■spring  of  IOn^. 
is  client  about  tliat  elmrcli  and  .settlement,  hut  places  an 
Otawa  village  in  rlie  ''niniediate  neighborhood  of  the  Huron.-, 
on  East  Moran  \h\\  stating  at  the  same  time  that  during  his 
stay,  the  Dtawas,  apprehending  some  trou1»le  with,  their 
Huron  friends,  began  to  fortify  themselves  on  a  neighboring 
blulL  From  this  it  would  appear  tliat  the  Algonquins,  or 
Otawas — a  name  then  applied  to  most  of  the  northwestei'n 
Algonquins — had,  within  tlie  last  few  years,  moved  about 
two  miles  soutli.  The  former  presence  of  an  Indian  popula- 
tion on  the  bluff  above  that  part  of  St.  Ignaee  popularly 
called  "'Vide  J*oche,''  is  proved  by  the  numerous  articles  of 
Indian  and  French  manufacture  ploughed  up  there  by  some 
of  rlie  present  settlers.  Tlie  local  tradition  also  ]»laces  a  fort 
<.)n  that  hiu'lit. 


m^ 


ANCIENT    MICH  1  LIMA  KIN  AC, 


17 


THE  OTAAVA  VILLAGE  AT  (IROS  CAP. 

Ill   1(577,  oi'sliortly  hcfuiv,  anuthci*  body  of   Ali!:nn(|iiiTis 

Otawas  propci-ly  so  eallcd~-eaiuc  to  swell  the  Indian  popuhi- 
rioii  of  St.    Iiiiiacc. 

Tliey  settled,  it  appears,  uii  the  shore  of  Lake  Miehi<''aii, 
between  Point  La  I>arhe  and  Gros  Cap.  This  assumption 
-eeins  necessary  to  reconcile  the  statements,  in  the  Jesuits' 
re])ort  of  KhS,  regard injiz:  the  respective  distances  ])etween 
their  residence  (near  the  Huron  villa<re)  and  the  two  Indian 
settlements,  the  Alg'oiKjuin  village  and  the  •'  New  Otawa 
village."  The  existence  of  a  large  Otawa  settlement  near 
(iros  Cap,  in  1()09,  is  certain  from  tlie  account  given  hy  the 
Missionary  Buisson  deSt.  Come  of  his  journey  from  Macki- 
nac to  the  Lower  Mississippi.  The  party,  of  which  the 
noble  Tonty  was  one,  sent  their  canoes  ai'nun<i  t/n'  jionii  to 
the  Otawa  vilhige,  and  walked  tliemselves  across  the  ''port- 
age."    The  village  counted  then  about  15(»()  souls. 

In  1702,  these  Otawas  followed  Cadillac,  with  the  bulk  of 
tlie  Indian  population  of  St.  Ignace,  to  his  new  establish- 
ment on  the  Detroit  river,  l)ut  soon  returned  to  their  old 
cpiarters,  and  Hnally  went  over  to  the  northwestern  shore  of 
Lower  Michigan,  where  their  descendants  are  still  living.  It 
was  during  their  second  stay  on  West  Moran  Bay  that  the 
famous  trader  who  left  his  name  to  it  lived  among  them. 
The  remains  of  their  dead,  together  with  wampum,  glass 
beads  and  other  articles  of  Indian  and  Erench  manufacture, 
are  frequently  found  iu  the  sandy  ground  at  tiie  head  of  the 
little  Bay. 


18 


ANNA  Lb    OF    l-'OKT    MACKINAC. 


ST.  FRANCIS  liOliCUA'S  CIIAl'EL. 

For  tlio  aceni.iinodatioii  nf  tlie  two  suttlLMJients — tlie 
Al^'oiH|uin  Villau-L'  on  Liiku  Huron,  and  the  new  Otawa 
Village  on  Fake  .Micliio<an— Father  Henry  Noiivel  Iniilt  a 
eliurcli  of  hark  at  a  distanee  of  about  two  and  a  lial  f  miles 
from  the  residence  and  ehnrcii  of  St.  I_i,Miutins;  and.  in 
honor  of  the  iiist  i;-eneral  of  tlie  society  who  sent  mission- 
aries to  America,  named  it  the  churcli  of  St.  Francis  lM»rnia. 
There,  with  Father  Enjalraii,  he  passed  tlie  winter  of  ll'»TT-8, 
in  a  wiii'wam  adjoining  the  cliapeh  receiving  and  instructing 
daily  freijuent  visitors  from  botii  villages.  We  do  riot  know 
how  long  tliat  chapel  remained  in  use. 

Dulutli,  wlio  spent  the  winter  of  lOSo-1  in  St.  Ignace, 
still  gives  Father  Enjalraii  the  title  of  iiiissionary  of  St. 
Francis  Borgia. 

The  (surmised)  removal  of  the  Algonquins  from  the  liah- 
l)it  Buttes  must  have  madi;  the  position  of  riie  clia])el  isolated, 
as  it  was  no  longer  on  the  thoroughfare  between  the  two 
settlements. 


TIJE  FBEXCII  VILLAGE. 

The  presence  of  French  settlers  at  St,  Ignace,  is  first  men- 
tioned at  the  occasion  of  Father  Marquette's  burial.  Accord- 
ing to  the  report  of  the  following  year  (IGTS),  the  singing  at 
the  churcli  of  St.  Ignatius  was  alternately  in  Latin,  Huron  and 
French.  The  fur  and  corn  trade  kept  pace  with  the  increase 
of  the  Indian  population.  LaSalle's  arrival  on  the  (Trifton 
(10 TO),  caused  quite  a  stir  in  the  conimercial  metropolis  of 


m^ 


ANCIKXT    M  IC  1 1  II.  I  M  a  K  I  .\  A( '. 


ID 


the  West,  for  iiutliiiiu.  less  tliaii  tluit  tlio  villii-e  of  St.  I-iiaco 
was,  and  reinaiiiod,  until  supplanted  hy  Dvtirnt.  lIcin'H.piu 
who  wintered  at  the  post  (K^SO-I),  mentions  hi>  enn.llini,^ 
forty-two  traders  into  a  religious  eonfratci-nity.  Lalloninn 
locates  the  houses  of  the  French  settlers  in  two  (,r  tlnvc  rows 
alon<,r  the  bend  of  the  shore,  south  of  tlio  Jesuits'  resi.leiice. 
xVs  a  matter  of  course,  the  whole  l-'rench  population,  with  the 
exception  of  a  few  lawless  cofwturs  de  hois,  disapi)eared 
wi(h  the  reniovt..  of  the  Indians  to  Detroit. 


20 


AN^iALb    OF    FUKT   AlAt'KlNAO. 


HISTORICAL   EVENTS, 


CHRONOLOOIOALLY  AHUANGED. 


0 


1534.  James  CurtiLM*,  a  Fruiiclmiaii,  discovered  tlio  St 
LawrcMice  Uiver. 

lOos,     Samuel  de  ('ham plain  foniided  (iuehoc. 

1«>.U,  John  Nicolet  passes  the  straits  on  his  way  to  and 
from  (ireen  l)ay. 

1«'»42.     The  eity  of   >rontreal  founded. 

ir»r)(>-51.  The  Indian  settlers  of  the  !ieli]jhborhoo(l  to- 
gether with  large  nund)ers  from  Mimitoulin,  Thunder  P>ay 
ami  Saginaw,  mostly  Otawas,  intinndated  by  Iroquois  prowess 
I'etire  to  Green  l>ay. 

1*>53.  Eight  hundred  Iroijuois  warriors  pass  the  strait. 
Failing  to  take  the  Huron  fort  on  (ireeii  Bay  after  a  pro- 
traeted  siege,  they  break  u\),  one  division  marching  south,  the 
other  sailing  noi'tliwai'd.  The  former  ai-e  eut  down  by  tlie 
Illinois,  the  latter  routed  by  the  Ojibwa,  ]\Iissisaki  and  Nigik 
(Otters  Indians,  on  Lake  Huron. 

lOo-t.  Two  French  traders  pass  St.  Ignaee,  on  their  way 
to  Green  Bav,  they  return  in  1»».')(^»  witli  a  larire  tradinix  ))artv 
<!<)  canoes)  of  Ilurons  and  Otawas. 

1*^)05,  or  earlier.  Xicolas  Perrot  passes  on  his  first  visit  to 
the  Pottawatomi,  on  Green  Bay. 

l('»()l).  November  11th,  Father  Allouez  passed  Point  St. 
Ignaee,  on  his  journey  from  Sault  Ste.  Marie  toCireen  I>ay  : 
he  relates  the  following  Indian  tradition  : 

1  hey  say  that  this  ishuid  is  the  native  country  of  one  of  their  gods,  called 
"The  Great  Hare,"  who  created  the  earth,  and  that  it  was  on  this 
island  that  he  invented  the  nets  fjr  taking  fish,  after  having  attentively 


'm 


4 


lllftlniCK  A  I-    KVKNIB. 


21 


IS 


consitl(-'i'('<l  II  spider  wliilc  coiisiiuctiiiir  Us  web  for  cafcliini!' Ilii'H.  'I'licy 
believe  tliat  I.iikc  Siipeiior  is  ,i  iMuui  iiiiulf  by  the  iicavcis,  the  lianks  of 
wiiieh  weredoublc  ;  the  first,  al  the  jdaee  which  we  call  the  Saiilt,  the 
second,  livcMoaijues  h)wer  do vvn.  In  c()nuiii,Mi|)  the  river,  thcv  say,  thin 
same  god  llrst  eiu;oimfered  the  second  enil»anlviiieiit,  whicli  he  tore  entirely 
away  ;  and  for  tiiis  reason  there  are-  no  falls  or  turbulent  waters  at  these 
rapids  :  as  for  the  first,  beini;  in  a  hurry,  he  only  walked  over  it  and 
trampled  it  to  pieces,  in  eonsecpience  of  wliieli  there  still  remain  lariio 
falls  and  boilinix  watcM's. 

Tins  god,  they  add,  while  pursuing  a  l/caver  in  the  upper  lake,  crossiu! 
at  a  single  step,  a  bay  eight  leagues  in  width.  In  view  of  so  powerful  an 
enemy,  the  Ix'.iver.s  thought  it  best  to  change  their  place  and  con>eiiuently 
withdrew  to  another  Lake;  from  thence  they  afterward,  l)yaidof  the  rivers 
that  tlow  from  it,  arrived  .it  the  Xoi'ili  Sea,  intending  to  pass  over  to 
France;  but  linding  th<;  water  Ititter  (salt),  they  lost  heart,  changed  their 
inter.tions,  and  spread  themselves  among  ;he  rivers  and  lakes  of  this 
<'ountry. 

This  is  the  reason  why  there  ai'e  no  beavers  in  p^rance,  and  why  tlu; 
Frencli  have  to  come  here  in  search  of  them. 

1<»7'»-T1.  Fatlu'i"  Daliloii,  or  iuiotlicr  .K'siiii  (possihly 
M:in|iiettL'),  wiiitcfs  at  Mieliiliiiiaekiimc,  layiti^'  the  foiiiida- 
tioii  of  tlie  Mission  of  St.  iLjiiiitius. 

Km  I.  Kiid  of  Jiiiu',  of  later.  Tlu'  Tioiioiitate  Ilin'oiis, 
N' itli  F  itlier  Mai-<|uette,  ai-fivo  fi'oiii  Shaii'awaiui^'oiig  (Asli- 
latid    I>ay,    L.   S.) 

Aiitutiiii.  TliG  Otawas  of  ]\[aiiitouliti.  oti  tlie  wtir-path 
auainst  the  Sioux,  arrive  witli  a  lar^e  sn]>i)ly  of  anus 
and  tuiiituiuitiV^n  lately  obtained  in  ^lontfeal.  J-iiied  by 
the  Iliiroiis  of  tlie  new  settlement,  and  -  on  (ifeen  Uay — 
by  the  Pottawatoinies,  Sacs  and  Foxes,  they  inairh  thi'otio'h 
northern  Wisconsin — a  well-arnied  body  of  a  thonsand  war- 
riofh — and  confidently  attack  the  Sioux  in  the  St.  Croix 
Valley.  Thterly  defeated,  tliey  retreat  tlirotiuli  the  snow- 
covered  woods,  amidst  sutfering's  atid  privations  that  lead  to 
acts  of  cannibalism.  The  heavy  loss  sustained  by  tlie 
Ifurons,  who  lu'avely  coviMvd  the  rear,  accounts  for  the 
diminished  nund)ers  of  the  tribe,  as  stated  by  Nlaivjiu^tte. 


*)>> 


ANXAI.S    oK    InIM     .M.\(  KINAC. 


H'.Tl'.  Tlu'  Unrolls  Ixiild  tlicir  lortilicd  vilhin-c  <»ii  I'^ast 
^Mnniii  IJay.  DLreTiibur  Ml),  Joliet  ariivi's  aiul  winters  at 
St.  In'iiaci'. 

It;;:}.  Mav  ITtli,  Juliet  and  Maniwette,  witli  live  other 
Freiiclmieii.  start  on  their  voya^i,'e  of  diseovery. 

1  <)".")  or 'T-k  A  hiru'i'  ImkIv  <»t'  Otawasaiul  other  Al«^'on- 
<|uin.-,  i)riii('i]i;dly  l\ir»hkalvos.  coiiiini;'  from  Manitoidiii  and 
tlie  (»p|»»jsit(;  sh(»re  settle  near  Kahhit's  l»a(d^.  P^ither  Henry 
Noiivel,  Superior  of  the  Otawa  Mif^sions,  takes  cliari;e  of 
them.      F'ather  Pliilii>  Pierson  heeomes  ])astor  of  the  llni'ons. 

lj;74-7r).  The  seeoiul  and  |)ermanent  ehiirch  of  St.  Igna- 
tius and  the  dcsuit.-'  I't'sidcnce  are  huilt  at  the  side  of  the 
Huron  villaii-c. 

HIT.").  Nuvend)er  Sth,  Father  Nuuvel,  witli  two  Fi'cnch 
eonipaiiions,  starts  on  a  junrney  to  Sai;'inaw  Bay  and  the 
interior  of  Lower  Miehii>'aii.  lie  ari'ives  near  the  head 
waters  of  (.'hip[)ewa  Kiver,  Decendjer  7th.  huilds  a  eha})el 
<^the  iirst  on  the  Lower  Peninsula),  and  winters  with  the 
JnintiM's  of  the  Amik  (Heaver)  Clan. 

1G7(5,  or  thereahouts.  Another  lari^e  hotlv  of  Otawas 
arrive  and  settle  near  Gros  Cap,  on  Lake  Miehiiian. 

lt'>77.  June  7tli,  The  Kishkako  Indians,  aceom])anied  l)y 
11  nund)er  of  Iroquois,  hrinu'  Father  Mar(|uette\s  remains  tu 
St.  lii'naee,  where  they  are  interred,  on  the  followinij^  da}*, 
within  the  Jesuits'  ehapel. 

October.  Father  Enjalran  arrives  to  assist  Father  No;i'»  el 
in  tlie  Otawa  Mission. 

lG77-7.^.  F'ather  Xouvcl  builds  the  chapel  of  St.  Francis 
P>orgia  in  the  woods,  between  Rabbit's  Back  and  Gros  Cap. 
Himself  and  Father  Enjalran  winter  there.  The  French 
and  Indian  trade  begins  to  assume  larger  j)roportions. 


m 


,.f, 


BMToKlCAI.    KVKXTS. 


23 


LASALLK,  IIKXXKPIN   AM)    IIKXUV    DK   ToXTV 

AUUIVK    AT  MI('IIIIJMA(  KIXAC,  U^' 

THE  -(iUIFFoN." 

1(IT*>.  L:iS:ilK',  (HI  his  Hi'st  uxpt'ilitioii  to  Illinois,  arrives 
uiul  .spends  some  days  at  the  settlement. 

The  most  remarkahh'  eliaraeter  aiiKtni::;  the  explorers 
of  the  Mississippi  N^illev,  in  the  latter  half  of  the  seven- 
teentli  (H'ntni'V,  was  Jtuhert  Cavelier  dc  LaSalie.  ViewcMJ 
in  till!  light  and  sense  of  worldly  eiiterprix',  he  is  to  he  con- 
sidered as  surpassinii'  all  others  in  loftv  and  coinprehensis  e 
aims,  in  determined  eiu'ruv  and  nnyieldinii-  ('(»uraL''e.  hoth 
moral  and  physical,  lie  faltered  at  n(»  lahorious  nndertak- 
iiiH';  no  distrust  hy  nerveless  friends,  no  jealous  ciivv  oi' 
schemes  of  active  enemies,  no  misfortune  damped  the  ai'dor 
of  his  ])lans  and  movements.  If  there  was  a  mountain  in 
his  tra(dc,  lie  coidd  scale  it;  if  a  lion  heset  his  j)ath,  he  could 
crush  it.  Nothiiii;'  hut  the  hand  of  the  lurkinii'  assassin 
could  (piencli  the  lire  of  that  hrav»'  lieart.  We  may  hi'ietly 
say,  that  LaSalle  was  horn  in  the  city  of  Uouen,  France. 
November  22.  1<)4').  The  name  LaSalle  was  borrowed  from 
an  estate,  in  the  neij^hhorhood  of  Uouen,  behjnging  to  his 
family,  the  (Javcliers.  Utibert  was  educated  at  one  of  the 
Jesuit  seminaries,  and  as  one  of  tliat  order  he  continued  a 
short  time;  but  in  hUM),  he  came  to  America,  and  it  is  said 
that  he  made  early  exploration  to  the  Ohio,  and  was  jxtssibly 
near  the  Mississippi  before  Joliet  and  Mar(j[uette's  voyage 
hither.  We  can  here  only  allude  to  a  few  items  and  facts  in 
LaSalle's  career.  It  was  a  marked  incident,  and  so  appears 
on  the  liistoric  page,  when  LaSalle,  in  lCu\),  voyaged  to 
(ttccu  I)ay  on  the  "  (Irilion,""  the  first  sail  vessel  of  the  lakes 
above   the  Falls,  and    wliich   he   had   Ijuilt   on   tlie   batdx-  of 


24 


AXXAI.S    OF    FOKT    MACKINAC. 


Cayuga  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the   Nia;4'nra.      l>iit  tliat  Ijiisi^ 
ucss  triji  was  a  mere  ])lea8ure  excursion  "wlieii  coiiipared  witli 
tlie  elfons  re(juire(l  of  him  to  euii'iueer  aiul  l)riiii;'  ah(»iit  cer- 
tain  indispensable  preparations,  involving  ways  and   means, 
before  the  keel  of  that  ivnowned  craft  should   I)e  laid,  and 
l)efore  she  spread  her  wings  to  the   bi-t'i'ze  and  departed  out 
ward   from    Hulfalo   Harbor   of  the   future.     And   what   an 
unhe>itatinii'  mi>rninij:-walk   was  that  of  his.   in    l<)S(i.  when 
he  set  out  on  foot  from  the  Fort  which  (not  him)  they  tei'med 
Broke}i    //"//i,  whwc  Peoria   now    is,    to  go,   some    twt'lve 
liundred   miles  pcrha})s,  to  Foi't  Frontenac  where  Kingston 
now  is,    at   the   lower  end   of   Fake  Ontario.     Jli-   nnyichl- 
ing  purpose  was    not    to    be    delayed,    but    accelerated,    by 
the    avalanche    of    misfortune    which    had    fallen    on    him. 
He  could    not    wait   for   raili'oads,    nor  turnjukes.    n(»i'  civil- 
ization :    he   could   uot   even    wait    for    a   canoe  navigation, 
for    it    was   early   spi-ing — in    the    month    of   March — when 
the   ice  still   lini>:ered   bv  the  lake  shores,  and   was    laninini' 
thickly    in   the    streams.       So,   with    one    Indian    and    lonr 
white    men,    with    a    snudl    su])]»ly   of    edibles,  yet    with    a 
large  stock   of  resolution,   he   took   his   way.      The   journey 
was    aecompi.^h.ed,    and    he    was    back    on    Lake    ^Michigan 
in    the    autumu    ensuing.      It    has   been    suggested    that    his 
own  enduring;  iron  luiture,  as  it  might  be  called — unbending 
as  it  w;is   in   its  re(]uirenients  of  cithers — served,  perha[)s,  to 
create   I'umities   and   to   occasion   the   rinal  catastrophe.     It 
nuiy  ha\"e   been   so;   but  wluitevcr  view  may   be   taken,  the 
doings  of   LaSalle  must  be  called  woiulerful,  his  misfortunes 
nund)erle>s,  aiul   his  death  sad.     The  day  on  which  LaSalle 
was  killed  is  said  to  have  been  March  lU,  1GS7. 


mSTuKlCAL    KVKNTS. 


25 


JIKXKY   I)K  TOXTY. 

There  is  niiu'ii  <.F  roiiiantif  interest  in   tlie  life  of   Ucnrv 
i\v  Toiity   whicli   will  ever  attract  attention  to  tlie  story  of 
his  exprrinice   in   tlie   wihls  of  Aiiieriea.      li-   was  horn    in 
Naples,  Italy,  in  or  near  the  year    U'Kti).      ID  a  memoir,  sai<l 
t..  he  written  hy  him  in  HWK],  he  says:     "After  havin-  luvn 
ci-lit  years  in  the    Freneli   service,  i)y   land   and   \^y  .-ea,  and 
havino-had  a  hand  shot  ofl""  in   Sicily   hy  a  <;Tenade,'l  resolved 
to  return  to  France  to  solicit  cmph.yment."     It   was  at  the 
time   when    I.aSalle    had    returned    from   America,    and   was 
uvtting   recruitsami  means  for  Ids  AVestorn  enrerprisi'.     The 
prime  minister  of  Louis  XIV.,  ho  that   was  called  the  oroar 
Colhert,  knowinii'  the  soldiei-  Tonty   well,  specially   providiMl 
that  the  im])ortant  project  to  he  undertaken  hy  LaSalle  should 
have  the  henclit  of  the  jiersonal    aid  of  Tonty,  who.  though 
maimed  and  sin<;'ledianded,  wa>  yet  ready  to  «;-o  fortli  to  daiv 
and  to  do.      Tonty  says:   "AVc  sailed  from    liochelle  on   tlu- 
1  Ith  of  July,  1078,  and  arrived  at  (^ichec  on   the   ir.rh  of 
St'prend)er   followino-."     AVe  can  not,  of  course,  attemi)t   to 
tolK.w  the    hi-ave  and   ca])ahle  lieutenant  of  LaSalle  in   hi.^ 
vari.ius  movements,  even    if  we  had  a  knowled^'e  of  them; 
yet   we  may   say.   tliat   if  a  trustful    au'ent   (U-  manao-er  wa> 
needed  tor  any  adventure  by  LaSalle.  Tonty  was  the  man  to 
1111    the    rcMpiirement.      if    a   fort    was    wanted,   he  was  the 
architect  and  overseer  to  construct  it;  if  a  peaceable  envov  to 
liie  Indians  was  re(piired,  he  was  the  i^ifred  embassador;   if  a 
tril)e  needed  chastisement  in  battle,  he  was   the  able  captain 
<d    the  forces.      We  need  not  cite  e\ami)lLS.      Tonty  was  pro- 
vided with  some  sort   of  a  metallic  arrano-emenr  as  a  substi- 
tute for  the  loss  of  part  of  an  arm;  and  he  was  known,  it  is 
said,  far  and  near,  among  the  tribes  of  red  men,  as  "  Le  Bras 


•Jt; 


ANNALS    OF    FORT    MAC  KIN  AC. 


m 


(le  Fer,"'  oi\  T/to  man  "'ith  ih*  'iron  iirni.  If  we  ri^■lltly 
ivinemhcr,  more  tliuii  one  tale  has  been  coii.stnu'ted  by  iiovcl- 
writyrs,  witli  its  scenes  lail  in  tlie  Far  West,  j^reseiitiiig  Toiity 
as  tlie  prineipal  eliai-acter.  In  lonn'  time  past,  an  island  at 
the  lower  en<l  of  Lake  Ontario  was  known  as,  and  called,  the 
/.s-A'  nf  T(ntti/,  heini;'  nninud  after  our  hero — the  man  witli 
the  iron  arm;  bnt  the  name  was  afterward  ehanij;ed  to  that 
of  Amherst.  Whatever  the  deserts  of  the  titled  General 
Jeffrey  Amiierst  may  liave  l)een,  Henry  de  Tonty  was  the 
u^reater  man  of  the  two.  Tonty  died  at  Fort  St.  Louis,  on 
Mobile  JBay,  in  the  year  17<'l. 


LOUIS  IJEXXEPIX. 

Louis  PIenne])in,  a  lieeollect  of  rh(>  order  of  St.  Francis, 
v\-a>  born  at  Atli.  France,  in  lOL").  He  sailed  for  Canada 
in  n!75.  on  the  '"Saint  Ilonorr."'  LaSalle  was,  also  a  pas- 
senijer  on  the  same  vessel. 

ireniR'pin  left  (^)uebec  in  ir)7s,  and  set  out  witli  LaSalle  to 
e\})lore  the  country  lyin.u:  soiirh  aiul  west  of   Lake  Michiii'an. 

On  Cayuy'a  Creek,  a  ti-ibutary  (»f  the  Xiaijara  River,  into 
which  it  empties  from  the  American  side,  five  miles  above 
tiie  Falls,  LaSalle  l)uilt  the  "(rriffon,"  upon  which  they 
liuibarked,  settinijsail  Aui!;ust  Ttli,  ai'riving  atMichilimackinae 
Auuiist  27th.  1C»71>. 

From  ills  minute  description  of  the  bay,  the  sliore,  etc.,  tlie 
Rev.  Edward  Lacker  says:  The  Bay  where  the  "' rjriifon '" 
anchored  is  that  which  is  overlooked  by  two  steep  and  rocky 
blutfs  faiiiou.-*  in  Indian  tradition,  and  called  by  the  Indians 
"He"  and  "She"  Rabbit.  The  former  is  known  as  "  llab- 
l)it's  I3ack."     The  Kiskakon  Otawas  were  there  in  1077. 

1079.  They  arrived  at  Green  Hay  September  22d,  and 
from  there  LaSalle  sent  the  "Grilfon"  back,  and  it  is  sup- 


_.» 


^'m 


lIHTolMCAJ,     1:V1L\TS 


0"7 


K'kv 


-I 


■■■« 


^•■•^  .-•>'  r;sx 


Hon.  P.  W.  HOMEACH, 
first  Postmaster  of  the  City  of  St.  Ignace,  Mich. 


28 


ANXAI.^    '>F    FORT    MACiClXAC. 


posed  to  Ikivc  Ix'LMi  wrecked  oil'  tlie  oiitnmce  to  (ireeii  Day, 
as  a  severe  storm  aro>e.  and  it  did  not  reach  Alieliilniaekiiiac. 

After  various  iiiisliai)S  Iletniepiii  ivaelied  tlie  Mississipju, 
which  he  ascended  to  the  Falls  of  8t.  Anthony,  in  the  sprint- 
of   IC.^O. 

ir.Sn.  Dnlutli  and  IIenne[)in  arrive  from  the  Tpper  ^lis- 
sissii)pi.  !>y  way  of  (4reen  I'ay.     They  winter  at  St.  lu-nace. 

Ulsi.  LaSalle  passes  St.  T>:'nace  on  his  second  jonrney  to 
Illinois.  M.  De  Villeraye  is  appointed  conmiandant  l)y 
Fi'ontenac  about  this  time. 

1083.  The  fur  trade  declines  in  conseqnence  of  the 
danii'er  of  Ti'ansp<irtation.  occasioned  hy  Iro(piois  hostility. 
Jlenee  distress  anioiiu'  the  traders,  and  dissatisfaction  among 
the  Indians. 

l<)S-4-.  Mons.  I)e  La  Dnrantaye  in  command  at  Alichili- 
maekinac.  The  French  and  Indian  forces  connnanded  by 
I)e  La  Dnrantaye,  with  JJulnth  as  lieutenant,  and  Perrot  is 
'•  manager"  of  the  Otawas,  set  out  to  join  in  De  La  luirre's 
ingloi'ious  expedition  against  the  Iroquois. 

The  Indian  estimation  of  French  power  and  valor  is  on  the 
wane.  During  De  La  Durantaye's  absence,  M.  De  La  Yal- 
trie  acts  as  commandant. 

lOSo.  All  the  French  in  the  r})}>er  Lake  region  are  ])laced 
under  the  authority  of  the  commandant  of  ]\Iichilimackinac 
(M.  De  La  Dnrantaye).  This  measure  remaining  in  force 
until  the  abandonment  of  the  j)ost.  Michilimackinac,  already 
the  comniei'cial  emporium  of  the  ^^orthwest,  becomes  also  it> 
military  centre. 

Nicolas  Perrot  arrives  with  orders  from  the  governor,  pro- 
hibiting the  Otawas  to  march  aii'ainst  the  Foxes  on  (rreen 
Bay.  He  succeeds  in  restoring  jieace  l)etween  the  two  tribes 
through  the  intermediation  of  iin  Ojibwa  chief,  whose  daugh- 
ter (a  captive  among  the  Foxes)  he  saves  from  the  stake  ami 
restores  to  her  father. 


I  1 


IIISTUKICAL    EVENTS. 


29 


10 


'(I 

nc 
•ee 

y 

it> 

'O- 
011 

lOrt 

ll- 


l^J8t>.  Dlssiitisfac'tioii  among  the  Indians.  Most  of  the 
chins  are  loaninij^  towards  the  Iroqnois  and  the  Eni,dish,  as  the 
stronger  party  and  hotter  ahle  to  siip])ly  tlieir  wants.  The 
English  endeavor  to  hring  about  a  rupture  by  forwarding 
^up])lies  and  hquor  to  MiciiiHniaclvinae. 

UlST.  De  La  Durantaye  sets  out  witli  the  French  force  to 
Take  part  in  Denunville's  expedition  against  tlie  Senecas.  He 
arrests,  in  the  neigliborhood  of  the  settlement,  thirty  English 
traders,  and  as  many  mure  on  Lake  Erie.  The  timely  arrival 
of  Perrot  with  the  Green  Bay  Lidians  obviates  the  necessity 
of  the  commandant  returning  with  the  prisoners,  too  numer- 
ous for  his  safety,  in  a  hostile  neighborhood.  He  proceeds 
to  Niagara,  where  the  ( )tawas  and  Ilurons,  marching  over- 
laud  from  Lake  Huron,  join  him  ;  they  take  part  in  a  victori- 
ous attack  on  SO»i  L'orpiois  (July).  The  capture  of  those 
English  parties  ])robal)ly  prevented  the  massacre  of  the 
French  in  Michilimackinac,  by  the  Hurons  and  Otawas. 

loss.  May.  LaHontan  arrives  with  a  small  force  (from 
a  fort  near  the  outlet  of  Lake  Huron),  and  spends  a  month  in 
the  settlement.  He  obtains  with  difhculty  a  supply  of  corn. 
The  Otawas,  distrusting  the  Hurons,  fortify  themselves  on 
the  Bluif,  north  of  East  Moran  T3ay.  Joutel.  Cavelier,  and 
other  survivoi's  of  LaSalle's  ex})edition  to  Texas  (having 
wintered  on  (rreen  Jjay)  pass  the  settlement  (»n  tlu^ir  way  to 
<»>uebee  and  France.  Kondiaronk,  or  Le  Hat.  the  great 
Huron  chief,  departs  at  the  lie;id  of  one  hundred  men  agaitist 
the  L'(j(juois,  but  })lots  with  them  the  destruction  of  the  Ota- 
was by  stratagem.  The  plot  proves  abortive,  hi  consequence 
of  Perrot  and  the  missionaries  gaining  knowledge  of  it; 
Le  Rat  confesses  his  guilt.  Perrot,  returning  from  the  Mis- 
sissippi with  three  female  Ojibwa  prisoners  delivered  to  him 
by  the  Foxes,  snatches  five  L'oquois  warriors  from  the  stako^ 
to  which  they  were  condemned  by  the  Otawas,  in  s})ite  of  the 
commandant's  and  the  missionaries'  remonstrances. 


30 


ANNALs    uF    I'oKT    MA(JK1MA(J. 


1089-90.  The  Otiiwas,  at  the  instigation  of  tlie  Hnrons, 
resume  tlieir  project  of  efl'ecting  a  nronciliation  with  the 
]r(.(liiuis.  They  send  l)aek  to  tlie  Senecas  tlie  prisoners  taken 
from  them,  and  make  arrangements  for  a  n^ieeting  in  tlie  fol- 
lowing year.  Father  De  Carheil,  being  informed  of  tlicii' 
})lan,  warns  the  governor  by  a  messe^iger  sent  in  the  winter. 
Frontenac  prepares  a  large  convoy  to  reinforce  Michilimack- 
inac. 

lOOo.  Spring.  The  Ota  was  take  steps  towards  an  alli- 
ance with  the  Iro(|Uois,  and — as  a  token  of  good  will — medi- 
tate the  massaci-e  of  the  French  traders. 

End  of  June  or  beginning  of  July.  The  post  is  saved  by 
the  arrival  of  M.  De  La  Forte  Louvigny  (who  relieved  Du- 
rantaye  as  commandant),  with  Ferrot.  and  with  an  Iroquoi* 
])risoner,  the  evidence  of  a  victory  gained  on  the  Otawa 
River  over  a  w\aylaying  party  (June  'id).  The  prisoner  is 
given,  for  execution,  to  the  vacillating  llurons,  who,  dreading 
a  linal  breach  with  the  L'oquois,  are  disposed  to  spare  him ; 
but  yielding  to  the  commandant's  peremptory  wder,  brain 
him  after  a  short  torture. 

Ferrot,  boldly  haranguing  the  chiefs,  assembled  at  the 
Jesuits'  residence,  reproaches  them  with  tlieir  treachery,  and 
endeavors  to  show  them  the  folly  of  doubting  the  power 
of  the  French.     They  promise  to  amend. 

1091.  De  Courtemanche  and  De  Repentigny  arrive  with 
the  news  of  the  French  victory  over  the  English  fleet  before 
Quebec. 

1092.  Otawa  and  Huron  warriors  co-operate  in  driving 
the  Iroquois  from  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  in  the  invasion  of 
their  territory  ijy  detached  parties. 

August.  Two  hundred  Otawas  from  Michilimackinac 
arrive  at  Montreal  in  quest  of  munition. 

169.S.  A  great  amount  of  fur  is  waiting  transportation ; 
on  account  of  the  Irocjuois  infesting  the  Otawa,  the  Indians 


^ 


Tir^IoUKAr,    KVKNTR. 


ni 


South  Sally.Port, 


on 


ANNALS    OF    FOIM"    MACKINAC. 


will  not  vciituiv  the  jounicv  without  a  siitticiciit  escorts 
FroiirciiMc  i.cini'-  iiifoi-mud,  dL'.^patcbes  the  Siciir  trAri^^t'iitt'iiil 
with  (.n]<Tft  for  tliiM'oimnaiulaiit  tu  send  all  the  French  he 
call  spare  d(»\vii  with  the  convoy. 

Aiii.qi>^t  -l-th.  Two  hundred  canoes  from  Michiliiuackiiiac, 
freiiihted  with  S(i,(MMi  irancs  worth  of  beaver,  arrive  at 
Montreal,  to.i^a'ther  with  the  jM'incipal  chiefs  of  the  western 
tribes.  A  oTcat  council  is  held,  and  the  Indians  return 
cliarnied  with  the  ujovernor's  manner,  and  laden  with 
)>re>ents. 

101>4.  July.  T)e  Louvii^niy  leaves  for  tlie  colony  with  a 
U'reat  convoy  of  fur». 

The  llnrons  contemplatini:"  a  removal,  are  aij^ain  susi)ected 
of  treacherous  intentions.  Opposed  in  their  i)uri)oso  by  the 
(•<»ininandant  ami  the  Ota  was.  one  half  of  the  tribe  consent 
to  >tay;  the  other  half  i;'o  to  live  with  the  Miamis  on  the 
!Sr.  Joseph  lliver.  (^I.  Tilly  I )e  Courtenuinche  commandant 
there,  since  lOlKJ.) 

De  La  Porte  LfUiviirny  is  suj)er5eded  Ijy  i)e  La  Motto 
( 'a<llllac,  the  last  commandant  of  *'  Ancient  Michilimackiiuic." 
(  LoiixioTiy  becomes  afterwards  [1712]  first  commandant  of 
New   Michilimackinac,  commonly  called   "OM    Mackinac") 

1<>U5.  Cadillac  advises  the  governor  of  the  necessity  ^  a 
li'i'and  ex|)e<lition  against  the  lro(|nois  in  order  to  ])re\ent 
the  defectiDu  of  the  western  tribes.  Fronteiuic  contents 
liimself  wiih  harassincj;  the  enemv.  in  which  he  is  aided  by 
Michilimackinac  Indians,  who  return  with  a  great  numl)er 
of  prisoners. 

At  a  great  meeting  of  western  chiefs  in  ^lontreal.  Fron- 
tenac  emphatically  gives  tliem  to  understand  that  they  must 
look  u})on  every  French  officer,  residing  among  them,  as  sub- 
ject to  the  orders  of  the  one  in  command  at  Michilimackinac. 

The  oliicers  in  command  at  the  several  posts,  at  that 
period,  ar":  Tilly  De  Courtemanche,  D'xVilleboust  DeMantet^ 


IIlSToIUCAr-    T'.VKXrs. 


33 


m 

'.0     ■:■  -Ji 


D'Ailli'bonst    D'Arii'eiituuil,    De    Lisle,   Vinceniies,  La  De- 
cuuvortu,  and  IV'i'rot. 

Lu  liaroii,  a  Huron  chief,  ooneludei;  a  treaty  witli  tlie 
Iroquois.  Cadillac;  with  ditlieulty  snceeods  in  snspeiidiiii^ 
its  execution.  An  Indian  deputation  o'oe.s  to  Montreal  to 
insist  (as  advised  I>y  the  comniandint)  on  a  I'eduction  in  the 
prices  ot"  j^oods,      Frontenac  ])artly  satisfies  them. 

The  French  court  unable  to  cope  with  tin?  evils  sprinii'ini;- 
from  the  system  of  tradiuL--  licenses,  ineil'ectually  orders  the 
evacuation  of  th.e  post  and  the  return  into  the  colony  of  all 
soldiers  and  traders  {lUDtrvurs  <h  hols),  in  the  West. 

lOt)^.  The  Ilurons  and  some  Otawas  are  alreadv  huntiiiii' 
with  the  Irotjuois. 

(Jaililla«  dispatches  a  war  ]>arty.  con-istinii'  chietly  of 
FottawatkUnies  and  xVlii'oiKpiins.  The  Ii-ofpiois,  though  warned 
hy  the  Ilurons,  lose  thirty  scalps,  and  thirty-two  })risoiiL'i's, 
wIkj  are  brouiz'ht  to  .\[ichiliinackinac.  Some  Ilurons  found 
anu)ng  them  are  restored  to  their  tribe. 

In  conse([uence  of  the  Ilurons'  machinations,  but  few 
Michilimackinac  Indians  take  part  in  the  campai*i:n  anainst 
the  Onondaifo  ainl  Oneid.a. 

DWrgentcuil  starts  with  5<>  Frenchmen,  but  ai-rives  too 
late. 

Le  l>aron,  with  thirty  Huron  families,  goes  to  settle  near 
Albany.  Kondiaroidv,  now  permaneTitly  gained  over  to  the 
French  cause  by  F'ather  de  Carheil,  prevents  the  rest  of  the 
tril)e  from  following  them. 

H)t)7.  Frontenac.  in  reply  to  the  king's  order  (of  1  (;!>.'), 
i-eceived  late  in  1(')1>«'»),  insists  on  the  posts  of  Michilimacki- 
nac and  St.  Joseph  !)eing  retained,  with  a  garrison  sutficient 
to  keep  otf  English  traders  (twelve  or  tifteeii  soldiers  with 
an  officer),  and  on  twenty-tive  canoe  loads  of  goods  being 
annually  sent  to  each  place.  His  advice  prevails  in  the  king  s 
council. 


S4 


ANNALS    OF   FORT   MACKINAC. 


Kuuiorti  uf  an  iiu[H'n(litig  war  with  Knirlaiid  arriving^ 
Cadillac  starts  witli  a  ^a-oat  number  of  KrcncliniLMi,  and  three 
hiuulrcd  iSae-s.  Pottawatoinies,  ()tawi<s  and  Ilnroiis.  They 
arrive  in  Montreal  towards  the  end  of  Aui:;ust. 

1  Too,  September  Stli.  ICondiaronk  and  a  deputy  of  the 
four  Otawa  clans  siii^n  a  provisional  treaty  of  peace  with  the 
Iroijiiois,  at  JVlontreal. 

De  (\>urteman(;lie  and  Father  Enjalran  go  to  visit  the 
otlu-r  western  tribes  and  i)ersu.ide  them  to  accede  to  the 
treaty. 

ITol.  Otawa  liunters  tii^dit  a  party  of  Inxjuois  who  tres- 
pass oil  their  grounds,  and  bring  the  chief  to  Michilimacki- 
nac  as  a  ))risoner. 

De  C'ourtenianche  and  Father  Enjalran,  greatly  aided  by 
Ivdiidiaroidv.  bring  their  negotiations  with  the  tribes  to  a  suc- 
cessful issue.  Father  Enjalran  leaves  Michilimackinac  in 
.Fiuie.  with  two  liberated  Tro(juois  prisoners.  (Jourtemanche 
starts  after  the  arri\al  of  the  Indian  delegates,  with  a  fleet 
of  1  14  canoes. 

Sieur  De  La  Motte  Cadillac  founded  the  present  city  of 
Detroit,  building  Fort  I'ontchartrain,  near  the  present  Jeffer- 
son avenue,  Shelbv  and  Woodbridii'e  streets. 

At  the  great  meeting  convened  at  Montreal,  August  1st, 
for  the  conclusion  of  peace  between  the  livHjuois,  and  tlie 
French  an<l  their  allies  (Illinois.  Miamis,  Kicka[)oos,  Foxes, 
AVinnebaii'os,    Pottawatomies,    Menomonees,    Otawas,   Oiib- 


"wa? 


li 


urons. 


Alii'oii 


Al 


1  oth 


Hpiin^,,  Ahenalvis  and  others,  l)eing  I'cpre- 
sented),  Kondiaronk,  almost  J!i  a  dying  state,  makes  a  last 
speech  of  great  effect.  He  dies  the  following  night,  and  is 
hurled,  with  great  demonstrations  of  respect,  in  the  principal 
church  of  Montreal. 

August  4th.  At  the  last  general  assembly  (1,300  Indians 
being  present),  the  treaty  is  signed  by  tliirty-eight  deputies. 

The  Otawas  of  Michilimackinac  ask  for  Fatlier  Enjalran 


E-Vj 


IIISTOKICAL    KVKXTS. 


35 


REV.  FATHER  EDWARD  JACKEB, 
Discoverer  of  Marquette's  Grave. 


86 


ANNALS   OF    FOKT   MACKINAC. 


nnd  Ni<^olas  Purrot,  aiul  insist  uu  tiic  ].)ii>hil)itiuii  of  tliu 
li^jiior  trade  in  their  country. 

1702-3.  The  liurons  amJ  a  part  of  the  <*)tawa8,  upon 
Cadilhie'rt  pressiui?  invitation,  remove  to  Detroit. 

17<>5.  The  reniainini:'  ( )ta\vas  havini»-  hroken  the  peace, 
DeLouvi^ny  comes  to  l»i'in^  thnn  to  reason.  He  retui'iis  to 
the  col<»ny  with  Iroquois  pi'isoners  i:;ive!i  up  to  iiim  l)y  the 
Otawas.  I  )e  Vincennes  follows  with  the  chiefs.  They  apolo- 
gize to  the  Iroquois,  and  j)i'ace  is  restored. 

Not  a  single  Christian  Imlian  remainin:^:  the  Otawas, 
since  the  departure  of  the  Iluroiis  proving  unmanageable, 
and  the  licentiousness  of  the  hush-lopers  {coureuvf^  <Je  hois) 
exceeding  all  bounds,  the  missionaries  (UeCarheil,  Marest, 
and  perhaps  En jalran)  burn  tlie  churcli  and  house,  and  leave 
for  Quebec.  Governor  (-reneral  de  Vaudreuil  sends  orders 
to  all  the  French  at  Michilimackinac  t(»  come  down  to  the 
colony. 

1712.  Governor  General  de  Vaudreuil  sent  De  Louvigny 
to  re-establish  Fort  Michilimackinac,  which  he  did,  but  on 
the  soutli  shore. 

1721.  Peter  Francis  Xavier  Charlevoix  at  Michilimack- 
inac. 

1728.  Sieur  Marchand  De  Lignery's  expedition  at  Micli- 
ilimackinac. 

1730.     Sieur  DeBuisson  in  command  at  Michilimackinac. 

1761.  As  a  consequence  of  the  surrender  of  (Quebec,  on 
the  ISth  of  September,  175U,  the  French-Canadian  posts 
were  given  up  to  the  British,  but  the  latter  did  not  arrive  at 
Michilimackinac  until  September  2Sth,  1761,  wlien  Captain 
Belfour,  of  the  80th  Regiment,  arrived  from  Detroit  with  a 
detachment  of  the  6»>th  and  80th  Kegiments.  Leaviuir 
Lieutenant  Leslie,  of  the  lioyal  American  or  60th  Regiment, 
with  one  sergeant,  one  corporal,  one  drummer,  and  twenty- 


I 


i 


fi' 


V 


a 


HISTORICAL    KVKNT8. 


87 


five  j)riv;ites  of  tln'  same  ivi^iiiient,  Captain  Ddfonr  atid  his 
jiarty,  on  ( )('toi)t'i'  1st,  proccLMlod  r<»  (injun  IJay,  Wis. 

AltJionii'ii  tilt'  Hritish  ((ccupitMl  and  controlled  Canada,  it 
M'Jis  not  tonnally  cedi'd  toiii'oat  Dritain   nntil  1T«1.'}. 

Tiio  pi'uliininarit's  of  peace  were  siijniMl  at  Foiitaineblean, 
N'ovennl)er  3d,  17<'»2,  Nctween  the  courts  of  France,  Spain 
and  (Jreat  Urituin.  \\y  the  (h'liniti\'e  treaty  siu'ned  at  Paris. 
Fel)niai'y  l<>th,  170;},  l»y  these  three  ifreat  powers  t(»i,'etlK'' 
with  I'ortUijal,  Canatla  was  ceded  to  Great  1  Britain,  and 
Lnni>iana  to  Spain  in  e.xcliani,^'  for  Florida,  and  the  l!ay  (d' 
l*(?nsacola.  which  Spain  tjave  up  to  (treat  I'.ritain  to  recovci" 
Cul.a. 

Louisia!ia  was  reti'oceded  to  France  \>y  the  treaty  of  St. 
Idelfonso,  October  1st,  ISOQ,  and  purchased  from  France  hy 
the  I'nited  States  in  I8n3. 


CONSFIUACY  OF  PONTIAC. 

1703.  Under  tliis  conspiracy  eleven  posts  were  attacked, 
and  eight  captured. 

June  2d.  Fort  Michilimackinac  was  captured.  The  uar- 
rison  consisted  of  Captain  Etherington,  LientenantsJamet  and 
Leslie,  and  about  tliirty-tive  men.  A  hand  of  Chippewiis. 
while  playing  a  game  of  ball  just  outside  of  the  F'ort,  knocked 
the  ball,  as  if  bv  accident,  so  that  it  fell  inside  the  stockade; 
the  ])layers  rushed  after  it,  and  seizing  their  wea})ons  from 
squaws,  wlio  had  tlieni  concealed  under  their  blankets,  and 
had  previously  entered  the  Fort  as  a  part  of  the  plot,  they 
raised  the  war-whoop  and  fell  ujion  the  garrison.  Lieutenant 
Jamet  and  fifteen  men  were  killed.  Captain  Etherington  and 
Lieutenant  Leslie,  wlio  were  watching  the  game  of  ball,  and 
the  rest  of  the  garrison  were  taken  [)risoners  ;  they  were  after- 
wards ransomed  by  Lieutenant  Gorelland  his  command  from 
the  Fort  at  Green  Bav. 


38 


ANNALS    OF    FOKT     MACKINAC. 


1780.  July  15tli.  The  13ritisli  iibaiuloii  the  Fort  at  "Old 
Mackinac "  and  transfer  the  garrison  to  Mackinac  Island, 
wlicre  tliev  hnild  the  present  Fort  Mackinac.  The  liistory 
of  '•  Modern  Mackinac''  properly  begins  at  this  date. 

17S3.  l>y  the  definitive  treaty  uf  ])eace  between  (-rreat 
Ih'itain  and  tlie  United  States,  made  and  signed  at  Paris,  Sep- 
tember o(1,  IT^o,  by  David  Hartley  on  the  part  of  (xreat 
Ih'itain,  and  by  Julm  Adams,  Iienjamin  Franklin,  and  John 
Jay  <»n  the  part  of  the  I'nited  States,  the  post  of  Michili- 
mackinac  fell  within  tlie  boundary  of  tlie  United  States,  but 
iiiidci"  various  ju'etenses  the  English  refused  to  withdraw  their 
Troop.-,  and  occui)ied  it  with  other  lake  jiosts. 

17'J4.  V>y  the  scr-Miid  article  of  the  treaty  of  amity,  com- 
merce and  navigation,  between  (ireat  Ih'itain  and  the  United 
States.  Concluded  at  London.  England,  .Novend)er,  Ititli.  17lt4, 
and  >igned  by  IJaron  (Trenville,  on  the  j^art  of  Great  Uriraiii, 
;ind  !>y  Hon.  Jolin  .lay.  on  the  part  of  the  United  States 
(ratilications  exchanged  October  liSth,  17l>'),  ami  proclaimed 
Eebruaiy  L!l>rh,  17'J''').  it  was  stipulated  that  from  all  posts 
within  the  boiniilary  lines  assigned,  by  the  treaty  of  peace  to 
the  United  States,  the  Hritish  troops  should  be  withdrawn  on 
or  before  June  1st.  17Ut^ 

17*U>.  liy  stipulation  13,  article  3.  of  a  treaty  of  peace 
between  the  ['nited  States  and  the  tril)es  of  Indians  called 
the  AVyandots,  I)elawares,  Shawnees,  Otawas,  ( Miippewas, 
Pottawatomies.  ]\lianus.  Eel  Rivers,  Weas,  Kickapoo>,  Piid-ce- 
shaws  and  Kaskaskias,  made  at  (ireenville,  ()Iiio,  t)n  tlii'  3d 
of  August.  li\K),  and  signed  by  (Tcneral  Anthony  Wayne,  on 
tlie  ]iart  of  the  United  States,  and  by  the  Saclii'ms  and  War- 
chiefs  of  the  said  tribes,  tlie  Indians  ceded  to  the  United 
States  "the  post  of  ]\[ichilinuickinac,  and  all  the  land  on  the 
island  on  whicli  that  post  stands,  and  the  main  land  adjacent, 
on  whicli  tlie  Indian  title  has  been  extinguished  by  gifts  or 
grants,  to  the  P'rench  or  English  (Tuvernments ;  and  a  |)iece 


m 


w 


I  -■! 


11I6TUKICAI.    EVtxNTS. 


39 


'  ■;? 


I 


View  from  Steps  of  P.  E.  Church. 


V 


40 


ANNALS    OV    FuiiT    MACKINAC. 


of  land  on  the  main  to  tlie  north  of  the  isrhmd,  to  measure 
six  miles,  on  Lake  Huron,  or  the  strait  between  Lakes  Huron 
and  ]\[ic'hio;an,  and  to  extend  three  miles  back  from  the  water 
of  the  lake  or  strait;  and  also,  the  island  'vBois  Ulano,"  the 
latter  beinti;  an  extra  and  voluntary  gift  of  the  Chippewa 
nation/' 

1706.  October.  Two  companie-s  of  United  States  troops, 
under  the  comnumd  of  Major  Henry  Burbeck,  with  Captain 
Aljuer  Pi'ior  and  Lieutenants  Ebenezer  Massay  and  John 
Michael,  arrived  and  took  })ossession  of  the  post  of  Michili- 
mackinac. 

1S(>2.  Jn  the  year  ISOO  the  Connecticut  Missionary  So- 
ciety sent  Ilev.  David  Bacon  (father  of  il '^  late  Kev.  Dr. 
Leonard  Bacon,  of  New  Llaven,  who  was  born  in  Detroit  in 
1802)  as  a  missionary  to  our  frontier;  he  arrived  at  Detroit 
August  11th,  ISOd,  where  he  was  entertained  at  the  house  of 
the  commandant.  Major  Thomas  Hunt,  \J.  S.  A. 

Ml".  Bacon  left  Detroit,  with  his  family,  and  came  to 
Mackinac  in  June,  1802,  where  he  remained,  teaching  and 
preaching  until  August,  180-1-,  when  he  was  recalled. 

Rev.  David  Bacon  was  the^Vv^^  Protestant  who  preached 
at  Mackinac. 

1812.  June  18th,  war  with  Great  I]ritain  was  declared  by 
the  Congress  of  the  United  States  by  a  vote  of  70  ''o  40  in 
the  House,  atid  1!>  to  13  in  the  Senate.  June  lOth,  v  ar  wa> 
formally  proclaimed  by  President  Madison. 


UISTOKK/AI.  KVKNTS. 


u 


mm 


MAJ.  VJ-NL.  WHISTLER,  U.  S.  A., 
Commanding  Fort  Mackinac,  1833. 


4a 


ANNALS    OK    FolM     MArKINAC. 


SURRENDER  OF  FORT  MlClIILrMxVCIvIXAC. 


Dethoit,  August  4lh,  1812. 

Siu — I  take  tlie  earliest  opportunity  to  acfiuaiut  Your  Excellency  ot 
Ihesurreudor  of  the  garrison  of  Michilimackiiiac,  under  my  command,  to 
his  Britannic  Majesty's  forces  under  the  command  of  Captain  Cliarlcs 
lioborts,  on  the  ITth  ultimo,  the  particulars  of  which  are  as  follows:  On 
the  16th,  I  was  informed  by  the  Indian  Interi)reter  that  he  had  discovered 
from  an  Indian  that  the  several  nations  of  Indians  then  at  St.  Joseph  (a 
British  garrison,  distant  about  forty  miles)  intended  to  make  an  imme- 
diate attack  on]\Iichilimackinac. 

I  was  inclined,  from  the  coolness  I  had  discovered  in   some  of  the  prin 
cipal  chiefs  of  the  Ottawa  and  Chippewa  nations,  Avho  had  but  a  few  days 
before  professed  the  greatest  friendship  for   the  United   States,  to   place 
contidence  in  this  report. 

I  immediately  called  a  meeting  of  the  American  gentlemen  at  that  tinif 
on  the  island,  in  whicli  it  was  thought  proper  t*o  dispatch  a  contidential 
person  to  St.  Jo.seph  to  watch  tlie  motions  of  the  Indians. 

Captain  ]SIicliael  Dousman,  of  the  militia,  was  lliought  the  most  suitable 
for  this  service.  He  embarked  about  sunset,  and  met  the  Briti.sh  forces 
within  ten  or  fifteen  miles  of  tlie  island,  by  wliom  he  was  made  prisoner 
and  put  on  his  parole  of  lionor.  He  was  liindeil  on  the  island  at  day 
break,  with  positive  directions  to  give  me  no  intelligence  whatever.  He 
was  also  instructed  to  take  the  inhabitants  of  the  village,  indiscriminately, 
to  a  place  on  the  west  side  of  the  island  where  their  persons  and  property 
should  be  protected  by  a  Britisli  guard,  but  should  they  go  to  the  Fort, 
they  would  be  subject  to  a  general  massacre  by  the  savages,  which  would 
be  inevitable  if  the  garrison  fired  a  gun.  Tliis  int'ormation  I  received 
from  Doctor  Day,  who  was  passing  tlirough  the  village  when  every  person 
was  fiying  for  refuge  to  the  enemy.  1  immediately,  on  being  informed 
of  the  approach  of  the  enemy,  placed  amnuinition,  etc.,  in  the  Block 
houses;  ordered  every  gun  charged,  and  made  every  prejtaration  for 
action.  About  1)  o'clock  I  coukl  di.scover  that  the  enemy  were  in  posses 
sion  of  thelieights  that  conmianded  the  Fort,  and  one  piece  of  their  artil 
lery  directed  to  the  most  defenceless  part  of  the  garrison.  The  Indian- 
at  this  time  were  to  be  seen   in   great   numbers  in  the  edge  of  the  woods 


IIISTOKIOAL    EVENTS. 


43 


At  half-past  11  o'clock  the  cncmv  sent  in  a  fla;;  of  truco.  demanding  asur- 
niidef  of  the  f^)^t  and  i.shind  to  his  Britannic  ^lajesty's  forces.  This,  Sir, 
\v;is  tlie  first  infornuition  I  had  of  tlie  declaration  of  war;  I,  however,  had 
anticipated  it,  and  was  as  well  prepared  to  meet  snch  an  event  as  I  pos- 
sil)ly  could  have  been  with  the  force  under  my  command,  amounting 
to  57  elTeclive  men,  including  otlicers.  Three  American  gentlemen,  who 
were  prisoners,  were  permi'ted  to  accompany  the  flag:  from  them  I  ascer- 
tained the  strength  of  the  enemy  to  be  from  nine  hundred  to  one  thousand 
strong,  consisting  of  regular  troops,  Canadians  and  savages;  that  they 
liad  two  pieces  of  artillery,  and  were  provided  with  ladders  and  ropes  for 
till'  purpose  of  scaling  the  works,  if  necessary.  After  I  had  obtained  this 
information,  I  consulted  niy  olticers,  and  also  the  American  gentlemen 
|)r{!sent,  who  were  very  iritcUigent  men;  the  result  of  which  was,  that  it 
was  impossible  for  tlie  garrison  to  hold  out  against  such  a  superior  force. 
I:;  tiiis  oi)iiuonI  fully  concurred,  from  the  conviction  that  it  was  the  only 
measure  that  could  jirevent  a  general  massacre.  The  Fort  and  garrison 
were  accordingly  surrenderc(i. 

Tlie  enclosed  papers  exhibit  copies  of  the  corresjiondence  between  the 
ollicer  commanding  the  British  forces  and  myself,  and  of  the  articles  of 
capitulation.  This  subject  involved  (piestious  (»f  a  peculiar  nature;  and 
I  hope,  Sir,  that  my  demands  and  protests  will  meet  the  approbation  of 
my  government.  I  cannot  allow  this  opportunity  to  escape  without  ex- 
pressing my  obligation  to  Doctor  Sylvester  Day,  for  the  service  h;^  ren- 
dered me  in  conducting  this  corres{)(»ndence. 

In  coiise([uence  of  this  unfortunate  all'air.  I  beg  leave,  Sir,  to  demand 
that  a  C(»urt  of  Inipnry  may  be  orderetl  ti»  investigate  all  the  facts  con- 
nected with  it;  and  I  do  furtlu-r  request,  that  the  court  may  be  specially 
directed  to  ex^^vess  their  opinion  on  the  merits  of  the  case. 

I  have  the  honour  to  be,  Sir,  etc., 


His  Excellency  General  Hull, 

Commanding  the  N.  W.  Army. 


POKTEIl  HANKS, 

Lieutenant  of  Artillery. 


p,  s. — The  following  particulars  relating  to  the  British  force  were  ob- 
tained after  the  capitulation,  from  a  source  that  admits  of  no  doubt: 


44  ANNALS    OF    FORT    MACKINAC. 

Rt'iiular  troops 40  in(;luding  4  officers, 

Caniulian  militia 300 

Total 300 

Savaircs, 

Sioux 56 

Winuebagoes 48 

Meuomonccs •^'«) 

Chippewas  and  Ottawas •'5T3 

715  SnvagL'9. 
800  Wliite3. 

Total 1021 

It  may  also  l)e  remarked,  that  one  hundred   and   fifty  Chippewas   and 
Ottawas  joined  the  British  two  davs  after  the  capitulation. 

P.  H. 


MiciHLi.MACKiNAC,  Mich.,  July  ITth,  1«1S. 

CAPITL'LATIOX 

Agreed  upon  bctioeen  Gtpiain  Charles  Roberts,   co)nmnndin;/  his  Britannic 

Maji'sfys  f,)ires,  on  the   one  part,  and   Lieutenant   Porter  Hanks, 

coininanding  the  forces  of  the  United  States,  on  the  other. 


ARTICLES. 

I.  The  Fort  of  Michilimackinac  shall  immediately  be  surrendered  to  the 
British  forces.     Granted. 

II.  The  garrison  shall  march  out  with  the  lionours  of  war,  lay  down 
their  arms,  and  become  prisoners  of  war,  and  shall  be  sent  to  tlie  United 
States  of  America  by  his  Britannic  'Majesty.  Not  'o  serve  in  this  war  until 
regularly  exchanged;  and  for  the  due  performance  of  this  article  the  offi- 
cers pledge  their  word  of  honour.     Granted. 

Tir.  All  the  merchant  vessels  in  the   harbour,  with  their  cargoes,  shall 
be  in  the  possession  of  their  respective  owners.     Granted. 
IV.  Private  property  shall  be  held  sacred.     Granted. 


IIISTOKICAL    EVEMTS. 


V.  Allcitizeusof  the  United  States  of  America  who  sliall  not  take  the 
oath  of  alk-iaiiee  to  his  Britannic  Majesty,  siiall  ilepart  witli  their  prop- 
erty from  the  island  in  one  moutli  from  the  (hite  liereof.     (h'unted. 

(Signed)  CHARLES  IJOUEHTS, 

CoiiiiiKihding  II.  11  }f(ijesfi/'s  forces. 

POUTER  HANKS, 

OoninnuiUiri  Ihe  foro.H  of  the 

United  Stutcx  of  Anurim. 

XoTES.— Dr.  Sylvester  Day,  U.  S.  A.,  was  tlie  Snri>-eoii  at 
rlie  Furt.  He  and  liis  family  resided  at  the  time  in  a  licmse 
lieluiigiiiii-tothe  lute  Samuel  AblK)tt,  M'liieh  stood  on  a  lot  now 
owned  and  cultivated  as  a  garden  by  Mr.  Patrick  Donnelly, 
on  the  east  side  of  and  adjoining  his  i-esidence  on  Ast(»r 
street.  ^Ir.  Michael  Dousman  went  to  the  house  and  tohl 
the  inmates  of  the  presence  of  the  British  on  the  ishuid. 
Dr.  Day  immediately  arose,  and  taking  Ids  family  (one  of 
whom,  his  son,  is  now  General  Ilannihal  Day,  U,  S.  xV.), 
went  to  the  Fort  and  warned  the  garrisoii  of  the  approach  of 
tlie  foe. 

His  Majesty's  forces  were  under  the  command  of  Captain 
Charles  lloberts,  of  the  Tenth  Royal  Veteran  Battalion,  and 
consisted  of  forty  reguhtrs  of  the  same  regiment,  with  two 
six-pounders,  which  were  end)arked  at  St.  Jose[)]i  on  board 
the  X.  W.  Co.'s  ship,  "  Caledonia  \"  two  hundred  and  sixty 
Canadians,  witli  tlieir  employes,  and  four  hundred  Indians, 
with  ten  l)atteaux  and  se\enty  canoes. 

The  xViTiericau  troops  nundjcred  sixty-tliree  persons,  in- 
chidiwg  five  sick  men  and  one  drunnuer  l)oy. 

There  were  nine  vessels  in  the  harljor,  having  on  board 
forty-seven  men.  After  the  capitulation  two  other  vessels 
arrived,  with  seven  hundred  packs  of  furs. 

The  ]>risoners  weiVsent  to  Detroit,  arriving  there  August 
4t]i,    thence    to    Fort    Favettt',    where    Pittsl)Uri>\   Pa.,   now 


46 


ANNALS   OF    FORT    MACKINAC. 


Stands,  wliere  a  roll  shows  tlieiii  to   liavc   been  mustered   on 
the  17th  (hiv  of  Novenihor,  1S1L>. 

Lieutenant  Hanks  was  killed  Ana^nst  16,  while  still  on 
parole,  by  a  shot  tired  from  the  Canadian  side,  while  he  was 
standiniT  in  the  ujatewav  of  the  fort  at  Detroit. 

The  citizens  souuht  refnu'e  in  an  old  distillery,  which  was 
situated  under  the  bluff  near  the  old  Indian  buryiiiii- ground, 
west  of  the  villai^e.  The  iJritish  sent  a  guard  there  imme- 
diately after  landing. 

The  three  American  gentlemen  (prisoners)  referred  to  by 
Lieutenant  Hanks,  went  from  the  distillery  to  Ca])tain  Rob- 
erts' command.  They  were  Samuel  Altbott,  John  Dousman 
and  And)rose  I);ivt'n[)ort,  all  piomincnt  citizens  of  the 
village,  and  ww'll  calculated  to  comjtrehend  the  true  state  of 
affairs. 

Fort  Holmes  was  built  while  the  British  held  })ossession  of 
the  island,  in  1812  and  1814.  The  inhabitants  of  the  village 
were  all  forced  to  contribute  labor. 

It  was  called  by  the  British  Foi't  (-reorge,  in  honor  of  the 
British  king  ;  afterward  rechristened  Ity  the  Americans  in 
honor  of  Alajor  Andrew  Hunter  Holmes,  who  was  killed 
August  4,  1814. 

The  old  ditches  can  be  plainly  seen ;  the  parapet  was  pro- 
tected by  cedar  pickets,  so  planted  as  to  render  scaling  im 
possible  without  a  ladder.  The  c(»vered  ways,  constructed 
to  shelter  the  troops,  have  fallen  in.  In  the  centre  of  the 
enclosure  there  was  a  building  used  as  a  block-house  and 
powder  magazine.  It  was  removed  by  the  Americans,  a^id 
is  now  used  as  the  ojovernment  stable. 

The  platform  that  now  crowns  the  summit,  and  commands 
a  magnificent  view  of  the  Straits  and  the  surrounding  coun- 
try, w^as  built  by  Cai)tain,  afterward  Colonel,  John  N.  Ma- 
comb, during  a  survey  of  the  lakes  in  1849.  As  you  stand 
on  this  piatfoa*m,  three  hundred  and  twenty  feet  above  the 


iiis'iniiiiAi.   i:vi:ni>.. 


47 


level  of  tlie  sun-ouiuliii^'  w;iter.  fiiciii<4-  toward  ilie  lliin"-!^tair 
ill  the  Fort,  on  your  rli;lit  is  Point  St.  I<;-iKice,  four  miles 
distant,  the  southern  extremity  of  tlie  nortliern  peiiiusuhx  of 
MichiiruH  ;  luiai-lyiu  front  of  you  His  "^rackiiiaw  City  ;  eii:lit 
miles  distant,  (>n  tlie  northern  ])oint  ol  the  southern  peniu- 


r 


Block  House.  Built  in  1780. 


sula,  a  little  to  the  riyht,  is  where  old  Fort  ]\Iiehilimackinac 
stood,  where  the  massacre  of  June  i2d,  1703,  took  j)hice ;  a 
little  farther  to  the  left  Cheboygan,  eig-liteen  miles  distant, 
and  off  to  the  left,  where  the  northern  shore  and  the  water 
seem  to  mingle  and  disappear  together,  is  tlie  mouth  of  the 
.St.  ]\[ary's  River,  thirty-seven  miles  distant. 


ne 


48 


AXNALS    ')F    FOUT    MACK IX AO. 


N.W'AL  UATTLK  ().\    I.AKK.  KKIE. 

1^1-^  St'ptt'iiiher  l<'tli,  the  InotilL'  tlcuts  of  '.ircat  Britain 
iiiiil  the  I'liitdd  Srati's,  mi  i^ake  Krie.  mt't  near  tho  lieiid  of 
the  Like,  and  a  saiii:ui!iary  battle  ensued.  The  I>i'itislj  tieet 
e«'ii>i--W'd  of  six  vessels,  earryini!;  sixty-four  ,^'uns,  under  coin- 
niaiid  of  the  veteran  Commodore  Harclay,  and  the  Meet  of 
the  ['ulted  States  consisted  of  nine  vessels  carryinj'-  liftv- 
foui'  u'uns,  under  eommand  of  the  youiii;  and  hravc  (.'ommo- 
dore  ()liver  II.  Perry.  The  result  of  tliis  im])ortant  contlict 
wa>  made  kiiowii  to  the  \V()i'ld  in  the  followiiin'  laconic  dis- 
patch, written  at  4  i>.  m.  of  that  day: 


"  Dkai!  (tf.xehal: — We  have  im>t  the  enemy,  and  they  are  ours.     Twa 
fhip^,  two  biigs,  one  schouuer,  uiul  one  sloop. 

"  With  esteem,  etc., 

"O.  W.  PEliltY. 

"General  Wh.liam  II.  ILvrviiir^ON." 


lil!5T«.>i:i(J AL    EV LMd. 


4<> 


■     T 


Block  House,  Built  in  1780. 


5U 


A^MAl.S    tiK    I'UKl    MACKINAC. 


r.ATTLK  OF   MICIIIIJMACKIXAC. 


KKl'nUT    or    mL.    (rKoKtil';    Lli(>(ilIAN. 

U.   S.   S.     WaU    NiAUAJlA,  OKK   TlIUNUKU    MAY,   > 

Aii.i-ust  Dill,  1S14.  J 

S,u_'\Ve  left  Fort  (Jnitiot  (head  of  llio  stniits  St.  Cliiir)  on  tlie  12th 
ult.  and  iinairint'il  that  we  ^IwMild  arrive  in  a  few  daysiit  Malsliadash  Hay. 
At  tlu'  end  of  a  wcelv,  liowever,  the  (:(«nni()dore  from  tiie  want  of  pilots  ac- 
<iuaiuted  withthat  unfrequented  part  of  the  lake,  despairedof  heini^uhleto 
tind  a  passase  tliiouiih  the  island  into  the  hay,  and  inaile  for  St.  Joseph's, 
where  he  anchored  on  'Joth  day  of  July.  After  settinij;  fire  to  the  Fort  of  St 
Joseph's,  which  seemed  not  to  have  been  rece-ntly  o(('Upie<l,  a  detachnienV 
of  infantry  and  artillery,  under  Major  Ilolinr-,  was  ordered  to  Sault  St. 
Mary's,  for  the  p'  rpose  of  breakini^  n\)  the  enemy's  i-stablishment  at  that 
place. 

For  particulars  relative  to  the  execution  of  this  •.  I  bet?  leave  to 

refer  you  to  Major  Holmes'  report  herewith  enclosed  Findini^  on  my 
arrival  at  Michilimackinac,  on  the  '.idlh  ult.  that  the  enemy  had  stroiiLrly 
fortilied  the  height  uverlookini,^  the  old  Fort  of  Mackinac,  I  at  once  tie 
spaired  of  being  able  with  my  small  force,  to  carry  the  place  by  stornu 
and  determined  (as  the  only  course  remaining)  on  landinir  and  cstalilish 
ing  myself  on  sonic  favorable  j)osition.  whence  1  ciMild  be  enabh-d  to 
annoy  the  enemy  l»y  uradual  and  slow  approaches,  uiider  cover  of  my 
artillery,  in  which  1  should  have  the  superiority  In  point  of  metal.  I  was 
urged  to  ad(.)pt  this  ste])  l)y  another  reason,  not  a  little  cogent  ;  could  a 
positiim  be  taken  and  fortified  on  the  i>laiid,  I  was  well  aware  that  it 
wotild  either  induce  the  enemy  to  attac.k  me  in  my  strongholds,  or  force 
Ins  Indians  and  Ciinadians  (the  most  etlicient,  and  only  disposable  force) 
olt'ihe  island,  as  they  would  be  very  unwilling  to  remain  in  my  neighbor- 
hood after  a  permanent  footing  had  l)een  taken.  On  en(pury,  1  learned 
fi-om  individuals  who  had  lived  many  years  on  the  island,  that  a  position 
desirable  as  I  iniLihl  wish,  could  be  found  on  the  west  end,  and  therefore 
immediately  nnide  arrangements  for  disembarking.  A  landing  wa.s- 
elTeeted  on  the  4th  inst..  under  covei' id'  the  guns  of  the  shipping,  and 
the  line  being  (juickly  formed,  had  advanced  to  the  edge  of  the  field 
spoken  of  for  a  camp,  when  intelligence  was  conveyed  to  me,  that  the 


lIJsTolJU'AL     l.N  I.M; 


51 


Col.  P.  DONAN. 


',rj. 


ANXAI.S    OF    FORT    MACKINAC. 


eiieniv  w,'i'<  alicad.  and  a  few  soconds  more  hrouiiht  ;is  a  fire  fiom  hi' 
hattc'i'v  '^i  f'^'"'  p'"'c -,  iii-iii'i  s;h(it  and  sliclls.  After  nconnoili':  iiiii'  his 
jx.Mtion,  which  was  well  si'lectcd.  his  line  reached  aioni;  1  lie  cdize  of  the 
woods,  at  tlie  further  extremity  of  the  field  and  covorod  by  a  temiiorary 
breast  work  ;  I  determined  on  changinii  my  jiosiiion  (whicli  was  now  two 
lines,  tlie  n)ilitia  I'orjnini:' the  front),  liy  advancing  Major  Holmes"  l)attal- 
i(>n  of  reu'ularson  the  riii'lit  of  tlie  militia,  thus  to  outtiank  him  and  l)y  a 
viprorous  effort  to  <raiu  his  rear.  The  movement  was  immediately  ordered, 
but  t»efore  it  could  be  executed,  a  lire  was  opened  by  some  Indians  posted 
in  a  thick  wood  near  ourriirht,  which  proved  fatal  to  >Iajor  Holmes  and 
severely  wounded  Captain  I)esha  (the  next  otiicer  in  rank).  This  imlucky 
tir(%  by  depriviuir  us  of  the  services  of  our  most  valuable  ollicers,  threw 
thai  part  of  the  line  into  confusion  from  which  the  best  exertions  of  the 
otHeers  were  not  able  to  recover  it.  Finding  it  impossible  to  gain  the 
encn'.y's  left,  ovriugto  the  im|)enctrable  thickness  of  the  woods,  a  char-e 
was  orde'  1  to  lie  m;ide  by  th(>  regulars  immediately  against  the  fi'ont. 
This  charge  although  made  in  some  confusion,  servetl  to  drive  the  enemy 
back  into  the  woods,  from  whence  an  annoying  lire  was  kept  up  l)y  the 
Indians. 

Lieut.  Morgan  was  ordered  up  with  a  light  pieceto  assist  the  left,  now 
p:irticularly  galled  ;  the  excellent  practice  of  this  brought  the  ei\eniy  to 
tire  at  a  longer  distance.  I)iscov(>ring  that  this  disposition  from  whence 
'he  enemy  had  jusi  been  driven  (and  which  had  been  represented  to  me 
as  so  high  and  commanding),  was  l»y  no  means  tenable,  from  being  inter- 
spersed with  tliickets,  and  intersected  in  every  way  by  ravines,  I  deter- 
mined no  longer  to  expose  my  force  to  the  tire  of  an  enemy  deriving 
evuy  advantage  which  could  be  obtained  from  numbers  and  aknowlcdiie 
of  the  losition,  and  therefore  ordered  au  immediate  retreat  towards  the 
>liil»l>;nL!,'.  ThisalTai'. ,  which  cost  us  mau}'  valuable  lives.  leav(-s  us  to 
l-unent  the  fall  of  that  gallant  ojlicer,  Major  Holmes,  whose  character  is 
so  well  known  to  the  war  department.  Captain  Van  Home,  of  the  UMh 
Infantry  and  Lieut.  Jackson  of  the  24th  Infantry,  botli  brave  iutrepitl 
young  mrcn  fell  wounded  at  the  head  of  their  respective  commands. 

The  conduct  of  all  my  otiicers  on  this  occasion  merits  my  approbation. 
Captain  Desha,  of  the  24th  Infantr}',  although  wounded,  C(»ntinued 
with  his  command  until  forced  to  retire  from  faiutness  through  loss  of 
blood.  Captains  Saunders,  Ilawuius  and  Sturges,  with  every  subaltern 
of  that  l)attalion,  acted  in  the  most  exem])lary  manner.  F^nsign  Bryan, 
2nd  Ritle  Kegiment,  acting  Adjutant  to  the  battalion,  actively  forwarded 


IIISTOKICAL    1:\E>;TS. 


53 


n 


Block  House.  Built  in  1780. 


54 


ANNALS    UF    FOKT    MACKINAC. 


the  wishes  of  the  commanding  ofticer.  Lieiits.  Hickman,  28th  Infantry, 
ami  Hydi  if  the  U.  S.  Marines,  who  eomniaiided  the  reserve,  claim  my 
]iarticular  thanks  for  tlieir  activity  in  keejung  that  command  in  readiness 
to  meet  any  exigency.  1  luvve  before  mentioned  Lieut.  ^Morgan's  activity; 
his  two  assistants,  Lieut.  Pickett  and  Mr.  Peters,  conductor  of  artillery, 
also  merit  the  name  of  good  ollicers. 

The  militia  were  wsmting  in  no  part  of  their  duty.  Colonel  Cotgreave, 
his  otlicers  and  soldiers,  deserve  the  warmest  approbation.  My  acting 
assistant  Ai-ljutant  General  Captain  X.  U.  Moore,  28th  Infantry,  witli 
vohmteer  Adjutant  McCoinb,  were  prompt  in  ilelivering  my  orders. 

Captain  Gratiot  of  (he  engineers,  who  voluntered  his  services  as  Adju 
taut  on  the  occasion,  gave  me  valualile  assistance.  On  the  morning  of  the 
ot-li,  1  sent  a  flag  to  the  enemy,  to  emiuire  into  the  state  of  the  wouudt'd 
{{wi)  in  number),  wlio  were  left  on  the  tielil,  and  to  request  permission  to 
bi, ng  away  the  body  of  Major  Holmes,  which  was  also  left,  owing  to  tli<' 
unjjardonable  neglect  of  the  sohliers  in  whose  hands  he  was  placed.  1 
am  happy  in  assuring  you,  that  the  body  of  Major  Holmes  is  .secured, 
and  will  Ik'  buried  at  Detroit  with  becoming  honors.  I  shall  discharge 
the  militia  to-morrow,  and  will  send  them  down,  together  with  two  regu 
l;ir  (onipauies  to  Detroit. 

With  the  remaining  three  companies  I  shall  attempt  to  destroy  the 
enemy's  establishment  in  tiie  head  of  X<nr-t(iic-irii-S((-[/a  River,  and  if  ii 
tie  thought  in-ojx'r,  erect  a  post  at  the  mouth  of  that  river. 

\'ii-y  rt^spec^ fully,  I  have  the  honor  to  remain,  sir,  your  obedient 
servant. 

G.  CK()(;iIAN, 

Livut.-t'ul.  Jnd  liijleiiu'it. 
To  Hon.  J.  Armstisong, 

Stcnt'iry  nf  TFrt/". 


IIISTUKICAL    EVENTS. 


oo 


IlEPORT  OF  KILLED,  WOCXDED  AND  MISSING,  ON 

AUGUST  4tii,  1814. 

On  1!oai;i)  the  U.  S.  Sloop  of  War  Niagai{.\,  ^ 
11th  August,  1814.  f 

Artillery— wounded,  tlirce  privatts.  ' 

Infantry— irth  Rcu-inicnt :  killed,  tivc  privates;  wounded,  two  str.ir^'ar.t*. 
fwn  cu-porals,  fifteen  privates.  Two  privates  since  dead.  Two  private- 
missing. 

llfii  lieginient- wounded,  one  captain,  nineteen  privates.  Captaiii 
I-aac  \'an  Home,  Jr.,  since  dead— one  private  since  dead. 

•Jith  Regiment— killed,  rive  privates;   wounded,  one  captain,  one  lieu 
tenant,    three   sergeants,    one   musician,  five  privates.     Captain    Robert 
Deslia  severely;  Lieut.  Hc/.ekiah  Jackson  since  dead— one  sergeant  since 
dead. 

:;'Jnd  l^egiment— killed,  one  major.     Major  Andrew  Hunter  Holiwcs. 

United  Slates  Marines — wounded,  one  sergeant. 

Ohio  ^Militia— killed,  two  privates;  woiuided,  six  privates— one  private 
since  dead. 

(ii.uid  total- one  major  and  twelve  privates  killed;  two  captains,  one 
reiitenant,  six  sergeants,  three  corporals,  one  musician  and  thirfy-eiglit 
privates  wounded.     Two  privates  missing. 

The  above  return  exhibits  a  true  statement  of  the  killed,  wounded  and 
nii~-ing  in  the  alTair  of  the  4th  instant. 

N.  II.  MOORE, 

Captain  ;2Sth  Infantry. 
Acting  Assistan.t  Adpitant-Genera'. 


56 


ANNALS  (tK   iMiKl    .MA(  KIXAC. 


KEPOUT  OF  CAPTAIX  SLN'CLAIR. 


United  States  Slooi'  ok  W'au  NrAciAHA,      } 
Okk  TrtrxDEK  Hay,  August  Otli,  1814.  f 

Sir— I  arrived  off  Michiliinackinac  on  the  3()th  .Tuly;  but  owing  to  ii 
tedious  spell  of  biul  weatiier,  wliieii   prevented  our  reconnoitering,  or 
being  al)le  to  procure  a  prisoner  wild  could  give  us  information  of  the 
enemy's  Indian  force,  wliieh,  from  several  little  skirmislies  we  liad  on  an 
adjacent  island,  api)eared  to  be  very  great,  we  did  not  attempt  a  landin^i 
until  the  4th  inst. ,  and  it  was  then  made  more  witli  a  view  to  ascertain 
positively  tlie  enemy's  strengtli.  than  witii  any  possible  hope  of  success.; 
■knowing-   at  tlie  same  time,  that  I  could  ell'ectually  cover  their  landini! 
antl  retreat  to  tlie  ships,  from  the  position  I  had  taken  within  ;j()OyanU 
of  the  beach.     Col.  Croghau  wouitl  never  have  landed,  even  with  tlii- 
protection,  being  positive,  as  ho  was,  that  the  Indian  force  aloue  on  tin 
island,   with  the  advantages  they  had,  were  superior  to  him,  could  In 
have  justitied  himself  to  his  government,  without  having  stronger  jiroot 
than  appearances,  that  he  coidd  not  ell'ect  the  object  in  view.     Mackinin 
is,  by  nature,  a  perfect  Gibraltar,  beinii-  a  high  i'laecessible  roclc  on  eveiy 
side,  e.\cept  the  west,  from  whicii  to  the  hight>,  you  have  near  two  ndle- 
to  pass  through  a  wood,  so  thick  that  our  men  were  shot  in  every  dir(( 
tion.  and   within  a  few  yards  of  them,   without  being  able  to  see  tin 
Indians  wh(*  did  it;  and  a  height  was  scarcely  gained  before  there  w.i- 
anotiier  within  50  or  1(X)  yards  commanding  it,  wliere  breastworks  weii 
erected  and  cannon  opened  on  them.     Several  of  tliose  were  charged  ami 
the  enemy  driven  from  them;  but  it  was  soon  found  the  further  oiii 
troops  advanced  the  stronger  the  enemy  l)ecame.  and  the  weaker  and 
more  bewildered  our  forces  were;   several  of  the  commanding  officer- 
were  picked  out  and  killed  or  wounded  by  the  savages,  without  seeiii:; 
liny  of  them.     The  men   were  getting  lost  and  falling  into   confusion, 
natural  un.ler  such  circumstances,  which  demanded  an  immediate  retreat 
•or  a  total  defeat  and  general  ma.ssacre  p\ust  have  ensued.     This  was  com 
ducted  in  a  masterly  manner  by  Col.  Croghan,  who  had  lost  the  aid  ot 
that  valuable  and  ever  to  be  lamented  officer.  Major  Holmes,  wlio,  wit!i 
Captain  Vanlloru,  was  killed  by  the  Indians. 

The  enemy  were  driven  from  many  of  their  strongholds;  but  sucli  \\,i- 


llI>r<>lM(  AI.     KVK.N-IS. 


.)  i 


\\  .1- 


llif  iinp('notnil)k'  thickm-ss  of  tlic  wood-:,  tliat  no  ;iilv;int;mv  naiinil  couUl 
he  ]iruiite(l  liy.  Our  attack  would  have  Ix'cu  made  immediately  under 
the  lower  fort,  that  the  enemy  mi'j:lit  not  liave  been  able  to  u>e  lii-<  Indiau 
force  to  such  advantage  as  in  the  woods,  haviiiii'  discovc'red  iiy  drawiiiL!,'  a 
tire  from  Idiu  in  several  instances,  that  I  liad  jxreatly  tlie  superiority  of 
metal  of  him;  l)Ul  its  site  beinu;  al)out  f^O  feet  alxn'e  tlie  water,  1  could 
not,  wlien  near  enoujili  t(^  do  liim  an  injury,  elevate  sullicieiitly  to  l)atier 
it  Altove  this,  nearly  as  hiv:h  au'ain,  he  has  another  stroiiij,'  fort,  com 
niaiidinu^  eveiy  point  on  the  island,  and  almost  perpendicular  on  all  sides, 
t  u|  CroLiiian  not  deeminii;  it  prudent  to  make  a  second  attempt  upon  this 
]ilace,  and  luiving  ascertained  to  a  certainty  that  tlie  only  naval  force  tiit' 
enemy  have  iiix)n  the  lakes  consists  of  one  schooner  of  four  guns,  1  have 
(leierinined  to  despatch  the  "  I^awrence ''  and  '  Caledonia"  to  Lake  Krie 
iinmcdiat(.'ly,  believing  their  services  in  transjiorting  our  armies  there  will 
he  wanting;  and  it  being  important  that  the  sick  and  wounded,  amount- 
ing to  about  KXI,  and  that  pari  of  the  (.lelachment  not  necessary  to  further 
our  future  operations  here,  should  reach  Detroit  without  delay.  15y  an 
intelligent  prisoner,  captured  in  the  ".Miid<,"  I  ascertained  this,  and  that 
the  mechanics  and  others  sent  across  from  York  during  the  winter  were 
foi-  the  purpo.se  of  l)uilding  a  llotilla  to  transport  reinforcement>;  and  sup- 
plies to  Mackinac.  An  attempt  was  made  to  transport  thc'in  by  the  way  of 
.\Iatcha<lash,  but  it  was  found  impracticable,  from  all  the  portages  being 
a  nK)rass;  that  they  then  resorted  to  a  small  river  called  Xautawasaga, 
-.lu:ited  to  the  south  of  Matchada<li.  from  which  thci-c  is  a  portage  of  three 
i'liirues  over  a  good  road  to  Lake  Siincoe.  This  plac<'  was  never  known 
until  pointeil  out  to  them  last  summer  by  an  Lidian.  This  river  is  very 
narrow,  and  has  six  or  eiglit  feet  water  m  it  about  three  miles  u]),  ami  is 
tlii.'u  a  nuiddy.  rapid  shallow  for  to  nnlcs  u|i  to  the  jiortaLic,  whei'e  Iheii 
aiinada  was  iiuilt,  and  their  storehouses  are  now  situated.  The  naviga 
ti'iu  is  dauiierous  and  dillieult,  and  so  ()l)scured  l)y  rocks  and  Iiu>hes  that 
no  stranger  could  ever  find  it.  I  have,  however,  availed  myself  of  the 
means  of  discovering  it;  I  shall  also  blockaik'  thi'  mouth  of  French  lUvi'v 
until  the  fall;  and  those  l)eing  the  only  two  chaiuiels  of  comnumicatioii 
hy  which  Mackinac  can  possibly  be  supplit'd.  and  their  provisions  at  this 
'iiue  l)eing  extremely  short,  I  think  they  will  l)e  starved  into  a  surrender, 
riiis  will  also  cut  oiX  all  supplies  to  the  Northwest  Company,  who  arc  now 
nearly  starving,  and  their  furs  on  hand  can  only  find  transportation  by 
tlie  way  of  Hudson  Bay.     At  this  place  I  calculate  (»n   falling  in  with. 


58 


ANNALri    OF    FOKT    MACKINAC. 


their  scliooiitr,  wliieli,  il  is  sirul,  lias  ii-om;  tliiTc  for  a  load  of  provisim^. 
ami  a  message  sent  to  licr  not  to  vciituiv  up  while  we  are  oti  the  Lake. 
Very  respectfully.  I  have  tiir  lionoi'  to  rcinaiii,  8ii', 
Your  oln'(li('iit  .-(.'•vant. 

AKTIILK  SIXC'LAIK, 

T'l  Hon.  \Vm.  Jones, 

Secretary  of  the  Nary. 

X.nivs. — Col.  (^roo:luiii  laii'lo;!  with  liis  troops  at  wliat  > 
now  cjilk'd  '  Hririsli  I.andiiio/  ><•  naiiKMl  from  the  fact  tlur 
the  I'ntisli  hiiided  there  on  the  iiiu-lit  (d"  tlie  lOtli  and  .l~r!i 
of  rhdv.  l>ll}.  when  they  siiceessfidlv  siiriM'ised  Fort  Mack- 
inae. 

On  entei-inu:  tlie  pite  on  tlie  road  k'adino-  to  l*ritish  Laiii- 
ino;,  after  j)at<.sino'  tlironoh  the  narrow  lielt  of  tind)er,  y"U 
<'(Miie  to  a  sHo'lit  ridij^e  which  crosses  the  road,  j)assino-  diao'on 
ally  throuiiii  an  orchard,  on  the  left. 

On  the  south  side  of  this   ridue  tiie   Hritisli   troops    W(  m 
concealed,  liavino;  four  field  pieces;  the  line  was  protected  !  v 
a  liastily  constructed  <^/><;///.y.  and  the  left  hy  an  entrenc)inien!. 
the  remains  of  which  can   he  seen  in  the  orchard  some  i'.'*' 
yards  to  the  left  of,  and  nearly  i)arallel  to,  the  road. 

The  Hritish  forces  were  under  the  command  uf  Lieiit.-C'  . 
Robert  McDoualljCxleno^arv  Lio-lit  Infantry,  then  in  com- 
niaiid  at  Fort  ^lacdvinac. 

Major  Holmes'  body  was  put  on  hoard  a  schooner  and  sciii 
to  Detroit,  where  it  was  huried  in  tiie  ohl  cemetery  on  tb 
<'orner  of    Larned    street  and   Woodward    avenue,   on    lai  i 
helonij;in«^  to  ''The  First  Protestant  Society."     In  1834  when 
■excavating  for  the  l)ui!dino-  of  •'  The  First  Protestant  Church  "' 
tlie  remains  of  Major  Il(>lnies  were  found  with  six  caini' 
hails  in  tlie  cotMn.     The  halls  wen;  placed  in  the  cotHn   ti  : 
the  purpose  of  sinking  the  body  if  in  danger  of  being  caj 
tn 'ed  by    tlie   P)ritish   wliile   on    its   way  to    Detroit.     Tl:" 
remains  were  })laced  in  a  box  and  buried  in  the  Protestanr 
cemetery  near  (Iratiot,   P)eaubien  and  Antoine  streets,  an^l 
Jiave  not  been  disturbed  since  that  time. 


lii 
1) 
(i. 


M 


HISTOinrAI-    EVENTS. 


59 


1^15.  Ilv  the  treaty  of  peace  and  amity  l)et\ve<-n  (treat 
l!i'it;iin  and  the  Tnited  States,  eciieluded  at  (Iheiit.  liidu'luiii, 
Dceemher  LMtli.  IS14.  and  sii-'ned  by  Lord  Gaml.ier,  Henry 
<ioidl)ourii  uiid  WiHiatn  A<hiius,  on  the  part  of  (^reat 
Hritaiii,  and  hy  John  (^)iiincy  A(hinis,  Janie>  A.  I!:iva"d, 
Henry  Clay,  Jonathan  Hu>scll  and  Albert  (ialhitin.  (.n  the 
part  of  the  Tnited  Si.,tes  (ratiiieations  exchani:i'd  Fei.rnarv 
17tli.  and  j^n.clainied  Fehruai-y  isth,  1.S15).  tht'  p;.>t  (d" 
AIi(ddh"niaekinae  \va^  au'.iin  i-estm-ed  to  the  Tnited  States. 

The  JJritish  ocenj)ied  Fort  Macddnae  until  the  arrival  in 
Septt^inber,  of  Major  Talbot  Chambers,  with  the  Cnited 
Stater,  troops,  eonsistiiiii'  of  onu  company  of  Artillerv  and 
two  eomi)anies  of  Rities.  Th.'  Hritish  troops  then  witlidrew 
to  Drnmtnond's   Island,  in  St.  Mary's  K'ver. 

ISlC).  Two  eompanies  of  Rilles  left  Fort  i\raekinac, 
muler  the  command  of  Colonel  John  Miller,  and  established 
Fort   Howard,  at  (.Treen  F)ay.  Wis. 

ISrj.  First  steamboat  at  Makinac,  the  " Walk-in-the- 
Water.'' 

1S21.  Jnne  21st.  Hi  the  west  eml  of  the  basement  of 
the  cottage  on  the  corner  of  Astoi-  and  Fort  Streets  (then 
iix'd  as  the  retail  store  of  the  Amei-ican  Fur  Cc».),  (»ccurred 
an  accident  the  i-esult  of  M'hieh  is  known  to  the  medical 
fraternity  throughout  the  world.  We  refer  to  the  acci 
dental  shooting,  in  the  left  side,  of  Alexis  St.  M;irtin,  a 
Canadian,  eighteen  years  of  age.  in  the  employ  of  the 
American    Fur  Coni])any. 

St.  Martin  was  not  more  than  a  yard  from  the  muzzle  of 
the  gun,  wliich  was  loaded  with  powder  and  duck-shot.  To 
bo  brief,  a  liole  was  made  into  tlie  stomacli,  which  healeil 
but  never  closed.  Through  this  aperture,  the  action  of  the 
stomach,  on  various  kinds  of  food,  was  ol^served.  These 
experiments,  extending  throngh  a  series  of  years,  gave 
nuicli  valuable  information.     Dr.   Wm.   Heauniunt,  at   that 


(Ill 


ANN. MS    t»K    Knirr    MA(  KiNAC. 


(HI 


tiiiu!    tlie    Post-Sni'ircon.    atteiKK'i]    the    woniidcd    man    atnl 
at'tcrwai'd   made  the  exiH'rimeiirs. 

1^'Sd.  [lav.  William  Moiitanne  Ferrv,  by  direetitm  of  the 
I'liired  Foreiii'ii  Mi^>il»nan'  Society,  ei^tahli^hed  a  mission 
t'ni'  the  Jiidiaiix  uf  the  Xortliwest  at  Mackinae  Island,  thi> 
hx'ariitii  iM'itio'  cliosfii  hecause  it  was  the  center  of  the  tin 
ri'.ide  ill  the  Northwest. 

Mr.  I'Y'iTV  arri\A'd  at  Maekiiiac  ( )ctuher  lOth,  and  opened 
x'iiool  Novemher  ^M.  with  twei\-e  Indian  children.  At  (»iie 
time  there  were  tweiitv-foiir  as,-istants,  and  one  Inmdi'ed  aipi 
eiu'htv  scholars.  The  children  tVoiii  the  villaj;e  attended  ;•- 
dav  scholars,  and  those  from  the  several   tribes  as  boiirdei's. 

They  A'ere  traine<l  in  habits  of  industry,  and  taniijht  trades. 
and  how  to  cidtivate  the  soil,  besides  receivinnj  a  comnuMi 
school  education.  The  school  was  first  held  in  the  old  (\>ui'! 
llou.-e.  In  IS'i.').  the  buildiiii:'  now  known  as  the  '•  Missi 
llidise,"   was   erected    tor    mi>sion;ii'y   and    school    pnrno; 

Thomas  White    Ferry,  ex  T.   8.   Senator,  was  born  in   tin 
Mi>>ion  House,  dune  1.  1^27. 

The  buildiiiii'  known  as  the  '"  Mission  Chui'cli,"'  was  erected 
in  l^oti.      It  was  consecrated   March  4tli.  Ts.'U. 

Mr.  Ferry  was  ivliexed  Anii'ust  <*>tli,  Ho-I-.  He  then  settled 
at  (4raiid  Haven,  Micii.,  where  he  live(l  for  thirty-three 
years.  ]u-Iily  estecMned  and  eminently  useful.  He  died  De- 
(.'ember  ."-Mth.  iNt'.?.      In   1S37  the-    Mission  was  discontinued. 

l^^'rj.  May  Utli.  the  .-teanier  -Illinois"  arrived  at 
Mackinac  from  Diitroit,  having  on  board  Co.  A,  Stanton 
(Tuards,  Michiii'an  Volunteers,  Oapt.  Grover  S.  Wornier,  ot 
Detroit,  cominandinn^  (afterwards,  Lieut.-Col.  and  Col.  Stli 
Micliiuan  Cavalry,  and  IJrevet  Urigadier-General  United 
States  Volunteers),  with  First  Lieutenant  Elias  F.  Sutton, 
Second  Lieutenant  Louis  Hartmeyer.  Cha])lain  James  Knox, 
and  Dr.  dohn  Greirn",  haviim-  in  charii:o  the  followdnir  di.- 
tinguished    gentlemen    from    Tennessee,    who    were    State 


iii>r«>i;,(Ai,  i:\i:.\Ts. 


() 


l!pl 


]M-iM.iu'rs  of  war:    (u'li.  William  G.   irardiiiir,  (u'li.  Wa>Ii- 
iiiuti'M  IJari't>\v>.  and   .Imlou  .J(isei»li  C'.  (riiild. 

Foi'  six  days  after  tlR-ii-  arrival,  the  prisoners  were  allowed 
to  remain  at  the  Mis>ion  Hotel,  under  a  niiard,  while  .[Uai- 
trr>  were  bein^r  prepared  in  the  F(»rt.  The  three  sots  of 
ofiicers'  (juarters  in  ihe  W(»oden  hiiildini,^  between  the  stone 
•juarters  a!id  the  naiiird  house,  were  assio-ned  to  them. 

(ien.  Ilardino-  occupied  the  set  in  the  west  end,  or  nearest 
tlie  ^tone  (jnarteis,  (Jen.  Narrows,  the  middle  set,  and  Jnd^-e 
<Miild,  the  set  in  the  east  end.  The  rooms  were  comfort- 
ahlv  furnished  by  the  prisoners,  who  remained  here  until 
September  IStli,  lsr,L>,  when  the  Fort  was  airain  abandoned, 
the  ))ri>on('rs  taken  to  Detroit,  and  thence  to  Johnson's 
Islam!,  Fake  Frie. 

1^77.  Father  .^^ar(|uette's  i>:rave  discovered  at  St.  li^naee, 
l>y  Rev.  Father  Edward  flacker. 

^S>^2.  The  Protestant  E|>iscopal  Church  on  Fort  street, 
built  through  the  eiforts  and  under  the  direction  of  llev. 
Moses  C.  Stanley. 

1SS8.  A  cable  was  laid  by  the  Western  Union  Tek\i;-raph 
Co.  to  Mackinac  Island  from  St.  I«;-nace.  (The  latter  place 
is  connected  by  cable  with  Mackinaw  City.)  The  line  was 
t»pened  July   l-'i,  the  first  message  was  as  follows: 


Mackinac,  Mich.,  July  l;{,  iss;}. 
[Ion.  Andijkw  Folkv, 

Manor  of  St.  In  mice,  Mich.: 

Please  accept  our  ciinuratulatioiK    n  the  cuiuiilftiou  of  the  link  which 
connects  the  olde!st  villaue  in  Michii|-;in  wilii  tiic  y(lUllLie'^t  city. 
We  wish  your  city  toutiuuetl  prosperity, 

WM.   P.   PRESTON, 
JWsUUnt  of  Mackinac  ViU.ar/e. 


i'l 


ANNAI.>    "F    iMilM     MA(  K1NA<' 


FRFXPTT  AXl)  l'.i:rriSll   oFFKM'IIIS. 

The  followiiiir  iiaiiu'tl  ntliccis  weiv  ;ir  Vnv\  Michiliiiiackiiiiic 
oil  the  <lates  i^ivoii ;  rlieir  iiamrs  ww  tlir  niily  ..ik'>  (of  Kivncli 
and  r>riti>h  -.tHcer.-)  wliidi  \\\*\n'i\v  in  tlu-  uld  and  (.tHci;"! 
recunU: 

174'2,  I'itli  Adjust. 

MONS.    I>K  r>I,AI\VII.I,K, 

('oimuaiiilatif  of  Micliilimiu'kinivc. 
1744.  f.tli  Jau'mry. 

MnNS,    l)K  ViVKHKVKT. 

C:oinmiin<l!iiit  of  Mit-liiliniackimic. 
1744,  lUh  July. 

DK  Ka.MKI.IA, 

Captain  ami  Kin:j.'>;  I'oiuuiainlaiit  at  Ncpiiinii. 
174r),  lltli  .luly.  anil  1747,  •.•:!.l  May. 

l)l  ri.KSSH    I>K  Mui; AMI'ONT, 

KinL:'>  (■()nnnan(laiit  at  Caniniancttigsia. 
174."),  '.jritli  Auuust,  anil  I74i;,  -illtli  .lunc. 

NoYKI.LE,  .lU., 

SocoiKi  in  C'liniinaml  at  Michllimiickinuc. 
174."),  •^."»th  Auirti.-t. 

Lmis  i)K  LA  ("oiiNi;. 

Caiituin  and  I\in!,^".-<  t'ominainlanl  at  Micihiliniackinac. 

1747,  7lU  Fi'ltniary.  :3i)th  June  ami  Ist  SfplcmluT. 

>IoNs.  ufc:N()Yi:Lia;,  .Ik.. 

Conunamlant  nf  Michiliiuacklnat'. 

1748,  2Sih  February,  1741),  lllli  March  ami  Jl-i  .luue. 

MoNS.  .Tacquks  Li:t;  AUDKiH  ni:  Sr.  PikuiU':, 

Captain  and  King's  Coiniuaudaiit  at  Michilimackiuac. 
1741).  27t'i  January. 

J.MUIS  LE'IAKDEI'H, 

Ciievalier  de  Kcpcntigny, 

Second  iu  Command  at  Micliilimackiuac. 


' 


0 


FUKNfll    AXI)    l!IMil,-.||    oFFlCtUiJ. 


Hi 


1T!'.».  '.x.Mli  Aiiirn^t. 

MoNS.  GoDKI'llOY, 

Olliccr  of  Trod 
n.W,  24tli  March,  and  IT.VJ.  Uli  J 


ps. 
mie. 


MoNfs.  I)i  iM.Kssis  Faijkh. 

Caplain  and  K\w/s  CoinmMndaiif  ai  Micliilimaokinac. 

Kiii^dU  uf  du'  Koyal  and  Military  Order  ot  St.  L..Ni^t 
1751.  Sfh  Octohcr. 

Mo.Nis.    I)l  l'I,p»ls,  Jk.. 

S(r(.iid  in  Coniinand  at  Micluliinacl<iimc 
175','.  Itii  June. 

MoNS.    liKAtMKf  DK  VlI.LKMONDK. 

Captain  and  Kin-"-  Conunandaiit  at  Cainatiitiirousa. 
IT.";;}.  l>stli  July,  and  17."»4,  l.^th  Ausiust. 
Mo.Ns.  Maijin, 

Kiii,U-'s  Coniinandant,  Post  of  La  IJaic. 
i:.-):i  isih  .July:  17.-,4.  Nth  May:  17.1s,  '^la  F,.hn,...ry.  •.Mill,  .lunc,  lOth  July 
and   1711.   Ortol.rr:    I7r,!».  :{(irh  January;   17(10,  -j:,!!.   May  an-l  sth 
8c'pt{inl»t.'r. 

MOXS.   Dli  liKAIMKr  DK  \' I  l,I.i:\IOM>E, 

Captain  and  King's  Coniinandant  at  Michiliniackinac. 
17.34,  yth  July,  :iiid  1 :.').-,,  ',>.-)ih  May. 
Moxs.  IIkuiwn. 

^'''Pt"iu  iiu^l  King's  Conunandant  at  MichilimacUinac. 
n.^.j,  8th  January. 

Louis  Le(;ardrir, 

Chevalier  de  liepentigny, 

,..-    ,,  ,    .  King's  C(»nimandant  at  the  Sault. 

1  (•).),  :24th  August, 

LoiLS  LtitiAHUKl  I{ 

Chevalier  de  KepcntiLiny, 

Lieutenant  of  lut'antrv, 
17.")(l,  28th  April.  ^ 

CiiAUi.ESDE  L'Angladf:. 

Offleer  of  Troops. 
17.5G,  l!>th  June. 

MoNS,    IIkmKI.LK    HeaI  I5AFFr.V. 

King's  Coinniatidant  at  . 


6H 


ANNAL6    UF    F(.tKT    MACKINAO. 


1750,  Hnli  Tuly. 

MoNS.    CorTEHOT, 

Liculenaut  of  Infantry. 
1758,  2cl  July. 

MoNS.  DE  L'AnGLAUE, 

Secoiul  in  Cominiiud  at  Michiliniackiaac. 
1758,  i:5tli  July. 

1,<>I  IS   LEOAHDErU, 

Clievalierdc  Ki'pcntiL'-ny. 

OlHcer  at  .Micliilimackiuac. 
1774  to  1779. 

A.  S.  DePeysteu, 

Major  Commanding  Micliilimackinac  iwA  Depcnaehcies. 

1779  to  17S2. 

Patkick  Sinci.atk, 

Major  and  Lieufenant-tiovenior, 

Commanding  Mioliilimackiuac  and  Dependencies. 

1782  to  1787,  lOth  May. 

DA:::j-.ii  Hoi'.eisison, 

Captain  Commanding  Micliilimackinac  and  Depeudcucies. 

1784,  81st  July. 

Pun..  B.  Fhy, 

Eu.sign  8tli,  or  King's  Regiment. 
1784,  31st  July, 

Geo  HUE  Clowes, 

Lieutenant  8th,  or  King's  Regiment. 

1791,  15th  November. 

Edwaiu>  Chakleton. 

Captain  5tii  Jiegiment  Foot, 

Commanding  .Alicliilimackinac. 
1791,  15tli  November. 

J.  M.  Hamilton, 

Knsign  5th  R<?gimont  Foot. 

1791,  15th  November. 

Benjamin  li  kiia 

Lieutenant  5th  Foot. 
1791,  15tli  November. 
H.  Headowe, 

Ensign  5th  Foot. 


LEGEND   OF  "ROBERTSON'S   FOLLY," 


38. 


3S. 


es. 


('APTAIN  ROBEKTSON  Wil.S    a    ii-ilj  JOUllir    Elin-lisli    olHctT    :ill(l 

a  great  admirer  of  tlie  ladies.     One  pleasant  sum  no;     'veil- 
ing, as  lie  was  strolling  in  the  wood's  at  tlu-  hack     f  iijr  fort 
enjoying  his  pipe,  lie  suddenly   l»eheld,  a  few   i-ods   oefore 
hini  and  just  crossing  his   path,  a  female  of  most  exijuisitt; 
form,  feature  and  complexion  ;  she  seemed   about   miu-teen  ; 
was  simply  dressed;  wore   hei-   long  black    hair  in    tlowiiio 
tresses;  and  as  fur  a  mo.-ient  she  turned  on  him  hei-  lustrou.- 
black  eyes,  her  whole  countenance   lighting  up  with  anima- 
tion, tlk-  gallant  ca])tain  tluMight  he  had   never   bcloj-t.  ..een 
so   beautiful   a   creature.      lie   })olitely   dutfed    hi>   cap  and 
quickened  his  steps,  hoping  to  engage  her  in  conversation. 
She  likewise  hastened,  evidently  with  the  design  of  escaping 
him.      Presently  she  (lisa])peared  around  a  curve  in  the  I'oad, 
and  Rolierison  lost  sight  of  her. 

At  the  otficers'  fpiarters  that  night  nothing  wa.\  talked  of 
I'Ut  the  young  lady  and  her  ])ossiblt'  identity.  She  was 
clearly  not  a  native,  and  no  \essel  had  been  known  to  tdiich 
at  the  island  for  many  a  week.  Who  could  she  be  ^  ("ap 
tain  liiA/ariMyn  co-dd  hardly  sleej)  that  night.  A  rii^id 
iiKjuiry  was  ifi#trtuced  in  the  village.  The  only  ellect  was 
to  engender  aj*  intense  curiosity  in  the  town  a>  ali-eadv 
existed  amoMjir  the  )/;irri.-^on. 

As  the  sluid<?#  f/f  evening  drew  near,  the  captain  was  again 
walking  in  the  pU'tf!<i**>f  groves  enjoying  the  delightful  lake 
breezes  and  the  whiff  of  liis  favoi-ite  pijn-.  He  was  think- 
ing of  last  evening's  aj^^/ar'tion,  an<i  l)laming  himself  for 
not  pressing  on  more  vigorously,  or  at  least  calling  to  the 


(IS 


ANNALS    (»!<■    lOKT    MAl  KIXA.C. 


fair  ^poctrc.  At  this  iiK.mriir.  raisiiiLi'  liis  eves  fn-in  tlu' 
uroiiii'l,  rluTf  .-::(•  \va>  aiiaiii.  i>l(«\vly  precediii,*:'  him  at  a  <li-- 
taiict'  of  scarcelv  more  than  tliirtv  yards.  As  souii  as  lii.-> 
a<t>»iii>hiiitMit  woiihl  inTinit,  and  a.-  speedily  as  lie  could 
fraiiie  an  excuse,  he  called  tc  her:  "  Madeni(»iselie,  1 — I  hei: 
your  ])ard<>ii." 

She  tui-ned  on  him  <>ne  i>'lance,  her  face  radiant  with  smile.-, 
then  rcdnubled  her  ))ace.  The  caj)tain  ivd<»ul»led  his,  and 
S(»(>n  hroke  int-  a  run.  Still  slu'  ke})t  tlie  interval  between 
them  undiminisiied.  A  head  of  the  road,  and  an-ain  she  wa- 
o-(»ne.  The  captain  souirht  her  (juiekly.  hut  in  vain;  he  then 
rushed  ha(dv  to  the  fort  and  called  out  a  u;enera!  ]>osse  of 
(officers  and  men  to  scour  the  island,  and,  hy  capturi!i«i  th» 
ma'den  to  solvr  the  mystery.  Thou<j:h  the  search  was  kept 
uj)  till  a  late  h-iir  in  the  in<:ht.  not  a  trace  could  be  found 
of  her.  The  captain  now  beuan  t(»  be  lauiihed  at,  and  joke.- 
were  freely  i)andied  at  his  expense. 

Two  days  pasr^^d  iiway.  and  the  fantasy  of  Captain  Robert 
son  beiruju  to  be  forfiiiotten  by  his  bnjthcr  otticers,  but  tin 
cai)tain  kimself  iiiaintained  a  irhtomv,  thouii'htful  in(»(>d — rhr 
truth  is  ke  was  in  love  with  the  woman  he  had  only  twict' 
seen,  and  who  he  felt  assure* I  was  somewhere  secreted  on 
rhe  island.  Plans  for  her  discovery  revolved  in  his  brain 
•  lay  and  niii'ht,  and  vi>i(ins  of  romance  and  ha|»piness  wei'c 
ever  tlittinii'  before  his  eye^.  It  was  on  the  evenini:' of  the 
second  day  that  he  was  irresistibly  led  to  walk  ai:ain  in  the 
sh.'idy  path  in  which  the  ap|)arition  had  twice  apju'ared  to  him. 
It  led  to  the  fiwow  of  tlie  })recipice  at  the  southeastern  cornel' 
<jf  the  islaml  Me  had  neai'ly  reached  the  famous  [>nint 
from  which  we  now  look  down  perptMidicnlarly  12s  feet  into 
the  placid  waters  of  Lake  Huron,  when,  sittiui;  on  a  larjjie 
stone,  aj>])arently  enjoyiuir  the  maj^iidticent  scene  spread  out 
before  her,  he  discovered  the  object  of  his  solicitude.  K>ca|>c 
from  him  was  now  inij^-ossible,  biientlv  he  stole  up  to  liei'. 


i:<>i;i:iMS(p\  s   folly 


t;i> 


A  <'rnii('liiiiu' of  \\\c  '^viwvl  uii<1rr  his  feet,  however,  di.-turht'd 
Jicr.  iiiitl  turniiiLi',  hei'  eves  met  liis. 

••  l*f('tt\  m;ii(K'ii,  why  tlius  attempt  t(»  ehule  ii;c  (  Who 
Mrc  \oii  r"  Tliere  was  iiu  answer,  hut  tin-  huly  ai'ose  fruiii 
rhi-  rock  and  retreated  nearer  the  hrink  of  the  preeipiee.  at 
[lie  saiiU'  time  ii'hine'nL''  to  the  rio-lit  and  left,  as  if  si-ekinu'  a 
loop  hole  o[  eseaj)e. 

••  I  )o  not  fi'ar  me,"  >aid  the  caittain,  '*  I  am  commatidci'  of 
♦he  ^^arrison  at  the  fort   here.      No   harm   sliall  coitu'   to  you. 

'  •<  do  j)ray  tell  me  who  you  arc.  and  how  you  came  on  tlii- 

If " 

The  hidy  still  maintained  a  stolid  silence,  hut  in  the  fading: 
liii'ht  looked  nii»rc  l»oautiful  than  evci-.  Sin.-  was  now  stan<l- 
iti::'  within  three  feet  of  the  hrink  witli  her  hack  to  the 
tfi'i'ihle  ahyss.  The  captain  sluiddered  at  the  thoun'ht  <»f  her 
iiiakinu'  an  uniiMiai'ded  step  and  heinn'  da>he(l  to  piece.-  on 
tiie  i'<»(d<s  helow.  So  he  tried  to  cahii  her  fears  lot,  in  her 
aii'itation,  she  nn;^'lit  precipitate  a  terrihle  catastrophe. 

••  My  dear  younii'  ladv."  he  he^an.  '*  I  see  you  fear  nie. 
Hid  I  will  leave  you;  hut  for  heaven's  sake  do  ]»i'ay  tell  me 
\oiii'  nam<-  and  where  you  I'eside.  Not  a  hair  of  your  heail 
>!:all  he  harmed,  hut  ( 'a'ptain  Rohertson.  your  dev(»te(l  xi-- 
v,mt.  will  '/o  t]ii-ou::"h  tirt-  and  water  to  do  your  cotnmand-. 
<  Mice  more,  my  dear  ^irk  do  speak  to  nie.  it  hut  a  word 
h  'tore  we  paiT." 

A-  ^\\v  i-aptain  wai'ined  up  in  hi-  addre-s.  hi'  iiicautiou>Iy 
•  id\'auced  a  -tep.  The  ifirl  retivated  auorher  >tei".  and  now 
-tot.d  wliei'e  the  -liirhtest  lo^,-  of  halauce  musr  prove  lu'r 
iearh. 

(^hiick  as  tiioii^jit.  the  cajtrain  -praiiL'  forward  ti»  seize  her 
ind  avert  so  terrilik- a  tragedy,  hur  just  as  he  (dutcheil  her 
arm.  -be  threw  herself  ha(d\'wai'il  itito  the  chasm,  drawing' 
iier  tormentor  and  wouhl  he  savior  with  her.  an<l  horh  were 
irisfantlv  dashed  "ii  to  the  i'o(d<s  helow. 


(I 


.\.\.\AI,S    (H'    I'Oin"    MACKINAC. 


His  ni;in<^'le(l  iviuaiiis  were  found  at  the  foot  of  the  preei 
pice,  iuit,  siniiMihir  as  it  tnay  seem,  not  a  vestige  could  Ik- 
found  of  the  woman  for  wliose  life  his  own  liad  heeu  sacri- 
liced.  His  hody  alone  could  l)e  discovered  and  it  was  taken 
up  and  buried  in  a  >ha(ly  nook  near  tlu'  middle;  of  the  island 
He  w'Ati  long  mourned  by  his  men  and  brother  olHcers,  for 
he  was  nuich  beloved  toi-  his  higli  social  (juaHties  and  genial 
deportment;  but  by  and  by  it  began  to  be  whispered  tli;i! 
the  captain  had  indtdged  t(jo  freely  in  the  line  old  Frendi 
brandy  that  the  fur  traders  brought  up  from  Montreal,  and 
that  the  lady  he  professed  to  see  was  a  mere  ((jnlsfaftni.s  nl' 
his  own  excited  imagination.  Rut  the  mantle  of  eharitv 
has  been  thrown  ..vcr  the  tragedy,  and  a  eommon[)hi<i' 
explanation  irivon  for  the  name  the  rocky  point  has  ac(piire<i. 
of  'vK' •i;Lla.-!o^•':<  Follv/' 


^i 


^M\AiU  W    FLU    0>.Mi'A\V 


TIIIO  AMi:iaCAN  FUK  COMPANY. 

T..  norire  slightly  tlie  ori^^in  <.f  the  American  Vnv  ihnn- 
F'O-.  ^vr  w.ll  say  that  .].,hn  Jacoh  A.tor,  a  GcTniau  hv  hirth 
who  an.ve.i  in  X.nv  York  n.  the  year  1 TS4,  conuneneej 
w..rk  tor  a  hakery  owned  l.y  a  (.ernian  aeq.iaintanee.  Jle 
|v:.s  afterwanls  assisted  to  open  a  toy  shop,  and  this  was  fol- 
1-ved  hytratlh.kin:,  for  small  parcels  of  furs  in  the  country 
t-vns.  and  which  led  to  his  future  operations  in  that  lino     ' 

Mr.Astor's  .irreat  and  continued  success  in  that  hrancL  of 
^^•••'■^'  niduced  him,  in  Iso-..  to  ohrain  fn.ni  the  New  York 
i^^'i:-i.<lature  a  charter  incorporating  '-The  American  Fur 
<  "inpany.     with  a  capital  of  a  million  dollars.      It  is  under- 

'^ '   ^''''^  '^^'■-  ^^^^^"'  <-'Hl>rised  the  con.panv,  thouo-h  other 

ii;imes  were  u«^ed   in  its  orirani/ation.      In    ISU,  Mr.  Astor 
"I   <-'m!ie<'ti(m   with    certain    partn.'rs  of  the   old    Nortliwe^t 
I-nr  Company  (whose   I.euinnim;'  was   in    17^:3,  and    perma- 
nently  oro:ani.ed    hi    ITnT,.    |.„„.ht   .,„f    ^j^^   association   <.f 
l-ntLsh  merchants  known  as  the  Mackinac  (Jotnpanv.  then   a 
.^rroui^  competitor  in   the   fur   track-.     This   Mackinac  Com- 
I'^niy,  uith  tlie  American   Fur  Company,  was  mero-e,l  into  a 
I'.u-  association  called  the  Southwest  Fur  Company.      Hut  m 
i^l.*'.  Mr.  Astor  l.ou-ht  out  the  Southwest  (Company,  and  the 
American    Fur  Company   came   a,<rain    to  the   front.      In    the 
^vl^Ier  of  iSlo-lO,  Con-rcss,  through   the   inthience  of  Mr. 
A^r.,r,  it   is  understoo.l,   passed   an  act  cxcludini.-  forei-aauv 
t'-i'i   participatiuiT  in   the   Indian   trade.     In    ISlT-ls'^  the 
American    Fm- Company  hroui^ht  a   larn-e  nuud)er  of  clerks 
Iroin  ?,rontreaI  and   the  United   States  to  Mackinac,  some  of 
Hlioni   made  -ood  Indian   traders,  while   many  others  failed 
"!"'"   trial  and  were  dis(diar-ed.      Anion--  those  who  proyed 
'iH'ir  capability  was  (iurdon  S.  Iluhhard,^  Es.].,  then  a  youth 


T2 


ANNAI.ri    OF    KOUT    MACKINAC. 


of  >i\tci'n.  the  carlic.-t  resident  (»f  Cliioiiii'o  now  liviiii;-  there 
Jle  \\:i>  horn  in  Windsor,  Vt.,  in  [S\)'2,  and  his  parents  were 
Kliznr  and  Ahii;'ail  (Saire)  IIuhhanL  His  paternal  eniiuTant 
ancestor  was  (TL'ori;"e  Iluhhai'd.  wh(»  was  at  Wetherstield,  ('♦■  . 
in  Ui;>f).  Mr.  Ilnhhai-<1  is  also  a  lineal  descendant  of  the 
cleruwinan-irovernur  (ini^hni  iSaltonstall  (named  tor  l»raniip- 
ton  Gurdou,  the  patriot  M.  P..  whose  dauiihter  was  the  u'l-and 
jiiothi-r  ol'  the  governor),  who  was  the  great-grandson  ot  Sii 
Richard  Saltonstall.  tlii'  lirni  and  ethcient  friend  of  eariv 
J^sew  England. 

We  need,  therefore,  merely  add  here  that  Mr.  lluhharil 
left  Mtditreal.  where  his  parents  then  lived,  May  13.  I8b. 
rcachin-''  Macdvinae  Jnlv  4tli,  and  first  arrived  at  Chicago  on 
tiic  last  (lav  of  ( )ctolter  or  tirst  day  of  Novend)er  of  thar 
year.  In  |Sl>s.  he  purchased  of  the  Fui'  Company  their 
■entire  intej'e&t  in  the  trade  of   Illinois. 

Having  entire  clnirtrc  of  the  man  ago  men  I  of  tbe  conipuny  iu  the  \\\-t 
wi'iT    Utunsi'v  ("rooks  and  Robert  Stuart.     To  William   Matthews   wa- 
iiitrustt'il  till,'  engaiiiiiLr  of  voyagcurs  and  clerks  in  ('anada,  with  hi>  hea 
(luartcrs  in  Montreal.    The  voyageurs  lie  took  from  \\\v  /mhiiti tiff<  {iavnwv: 
young,  active,  athletic  men  were  sought  for.  indeed,  none  hut  such  wen.' 
iMigaged,   and  they  passed  uuih'r  inspection  of  a  >urgeon.      Mr.  M.  also 
puicii.ised  al  Montreal  such  goods  as  were  ^uitcii  for  the  tra(h',  to  load  lii> 
l)o;it-«.     The>e  itoats  were  the  Canadian /><<^^e/c/.r,  priucipali^  used  in  tho-e 
day-  in  transferring  goo<ls  to  upper  St.  Lawrence  Kiverand  its  trlbutarie-. 
inmned  by  four  oarsmen  and  a  steersman,  capacity  about  six  tons.     The 
voyageurs  and  clerk>  wire  under  indentures  for  a   term  of  five  year- 
Wages  of  voyageurs,  !^100,  clerks  from  $120  to  $;■)()()  i^er  anninn.     TIm  -■ 
were  all  novices  in  the  business:  the  i)lan  of  the  company  was  to  arrai- 
and  secure  the  services  of  old  traders  ;iiid  theii- voyageurs,  who.  at  li 
(new)  oigani/.ation  of  the  company  weie  in  the  Indian  country,  dependi:>- 
on  their  inlhience  and  knowledge  of  the  traile  with  the  Indians;  aud  -^ 
fast   a-^  |)os<il)le  .secure  the  vast  trade  in  the  West  and  NiM'thwest,  with 
Hie  distiict  of  the  United  State>,  interspersing  the  novices  brought  fi"'.. 
("anaihi  .so  as  to  consoli(hUe.  extend  and  monopolize,  as  far  as 'possildi' 
over  the  (Muntry,  tlie  Iiulian  trade.     The  tirsl  two  years  tiiey  had 


i; 


AMKKICAX    ]  rii    ('OMI'ANY. 


:3 


(•('Ctlnl  ill  liriiigin!^  into  ilicir  employ  sevcn-ci.ijhtli.s  of  the  old  Indian 
liiiilci's  on  llu.'  U;ii)t'r  Mississippi,  Waljiish  and  Illinois  Rivers,  Lakf.< 
^Ii'liiiriin  tind  Superior,  and  their  triliuturies  as  far  north  as  the  bound- 
aries f>f  the  I'luted  States  rxtenthnl.  Th(.'  other  eiiiiith  thought  that  their 
interest  was  to  rrniain  independent;  toward  such,  the  eoin|)uny  selected 
their  lM'>t- traders,  and  loeati'cl  them  in  ojiposilion,  with  instructions  so  to 
inanaire  bv  undersellinu'  to  lirinL""  them  to  terms. 


>ad  lii^ 
tho-f 
itarie-, 
riie 
year- 
TheM' 
■ran::'- 
at   tie 
•hdili- 
iiud  ii-^ 
withia 
I  from 
•SNil)l(.', 
d  suo 


Block  House  Built  in  1780. 

Al  M;iekinae,  ih''  trader"--  liri.ades  were  ornani/.ed,  tlic  eompany  seleel- 
iiij' the  most  eap.ilile  trailer  to  he  1  he  manager  of  hi<  particular  Iniuade, 
■\hieh  con-isteil  (if  from  live  to  twenty  hiitf((ti/.i\  laden  with  goods.  This 
chief  (If  nianau'cr,  when  I'eachiuL;"  the  cotuitry  allolteil  to  him.  made 
deiaijimcnls.  locating;'  trailim:' hou-es.  witii  districts  clearly  detined,  for 
the  operations  of  that  particular  post,  and  so  on,  until  his  ground  was  fully 
uccupied  by  traders  under  him,  over  whom  he  had  absolute  authority. 

AV(.'  will  here  alhu.le  to  Mv.  A.-tor's  iittrmpt  to  (.■>tal>li>h  ;ui 
Aincrieau  L'iii])<)riiiiii  fur  tlio  fur  trade  at  the  inotith  of  the 


71 


ANXAI.S    (iK    rolM     MACKINAC". 


('(»iiiriil)i;i  Itivcr.  wliich  unterprisi'  t'aiU'd,  tlin>uu;li  the  cnittni. 
i)\'  Ast<»i'';i   liv   tli(^    l{|'iti>li    ill    1S14,  aiid   tlir   iicii-U'ct   of  (.iir 
ii;oV('rniiU'nt  to  i:ivt'  Iiitn  protection.      The  withdrawal  of  "M 
Astor  from   the  Pacific  coast,  left    the  Northwest   l''ur("oi 
paiiv  to  consider  tiieni.selves  rlie  h»i'ds  of  the  coiintrv.     Th« 
di(i  not  long  enjoy  Hie  field  iiiinioloted.  iiowever.     A  tierr. 
competition   ensued    hetwieii    them   and   their  old    rivals,  tl 
Hudson's  Hay  Company,  which  was  carried   on   at  i:;r<  at  ci  - 
aiitj   >acrifict',   and.    occasi;.'!ially.    with    the    loss    of    life.       li 
ende(l  in    the  niiii  of   most  of   the  j>artners  nf  the  Xorthwi  -• 
("om})any.  and   mei'ii'inir  of  the   relics  of  that   estal»li^hnle;!•, 
in  1S21,  in  the  rival  as>ociatio!i. 

Knmscy  Crooks  \va>  a  lori'iiiosl  iiuiu  in  tlic  nullify  of  Mr.  Aslor  in  tr 
tur  tnitic.  not  only  in  the  east,  luit  upon  the  wt'stern  coast,  and  lias  lie 
called  "  the  advcnturou>  Rockv  Monntain  Iradcr."     Iniiinatelv  coinicclf 
as  Mr.  Crooks  was,  with  the  American  Fur  Company,  a  sliirht  notic 
Iiiiu  will  not   l)c  out  of  place.     Mr.   Ciooks  \\a>  a  native  of  (Jrrfii.'i  k 
Scotland,  and  wa.>  employed  as  a  trader  in  Wisconsin,  as  etirly  as   Isoi 
He  entei'cd  the  service  of   Mr.  Aslor  in  IsOll.      In  1S1:{,  he  returned  fi"; 
his  three  years"  jouiiiey  U>  the  western  coast,  and  in   IslT  he  joinetl  M 
Astor  as  a  partner,  and  for  four  or  live  years  ensuinir  he  was  the  company  • 
•Mackinac  aireiit,  tliough  residing;  mo>t!y  in  New  York.     .Mr.  Crooks  ci  ■ 
timied  a  p.irtiu.r  luitil  is;in,  when  this  connecti<ui  was  dissolved  am!  i 
iTsume(l  his  place  with  Mr,  Astor  in  hi.--  former  capacity.      In  LSJl,  M 
.\stor.  being  advanced  in  years,  sold  oni  the  ^tock  of  the  company,  ai  : 
transferred  the  charier  to  I'amsey  Cnioks  iuid  his  associates,  whcrciipi 
.Mr.  C,  was '■le<'i(d   |iresident  of  the  company.      Reverses,  however,  coi: 
pelled  an  assiiiiini'.'nt  in  IspJ,  and  with  it  the  death  (d"  the  American  V 
Company.     In  ]^i~).  Mr.  Crooks  opined  ,a  commission  house  for  the  sa.' 
of  furs  and  skins,  in  New  York  ('ity.     This  business,  which  was  succe- 
fill,  Ml'.  C.  Continued  until  his  death.     Mr.  Crooks  died  in  New  Yoii 
.June  fi,  IS.I!!,  in  his  7;?d  year.     Mr.  .Vstor  died  in  1848. 

Washino'tou    Jrvinu',    in    his    "  Astoria,'"    i^iv-es  a  ijjraphi 
account  of   the  occa.-ionai   nu'i'tino's  of  the  partners,  uircTi'- 
and  omj)loyes  of  the  old  Northwest  Fur  Company,  at  Mon 


^ 


A.MF:ni('.\.\     VVli    (OMI-Axv 


« •> 


ai  a  I 


""1    •-■•^  Willian,,  wIhmv  tlu-v  kept  l.i.^h  .lays  aixl  niohts 


1 1    wa>.-ail  ail 


•1    ■'•;i>ntl,-:    d     SOI^'    ;,,„|    t;,!,..-   of    ;,.| 

'•'"•'"■^•'•l'''   fscapt's.      I;„t    <,r  tl.ox.   lavish   an<l 


•I'    the     nld      -  Xoj.tl 


\'ciinir('  an«l 
iiicn-v  halL- 


i\\ 


<'>t.      U'c    need    siiii'n'ot    ii 


U.1I.HU.  a^c.n,.y,lua.llin....r  tlH.Ainmran  Fiw  Coinpanv  at 
.Mackinac,  ^^■hvvv.  rlu-  (..xik-uscs  chai-ovd  lur  ih,-  vcar  I's-l 
^^•^■'v  ""ly  SCTs.H).  Im  that  account,  hnw.vcT.  ut 'neticc  the- 
l--!IoNvino-  entries:  ;>i.  .,,ii„„,  Tcncnllr  U'Iik,  4',  .,,ll..,m 
I'-rr  ^\  inr:  l(»o-allnns  hcst  Madeira;  T.i-  -alluiis  Kud  Wine  • 
'.'i^allniis  IJrandy :  ,>y,^, /,,^^.,'c/  //r>///'.  ''  ' 


78 


ANNALS    UF    Koui    MAcKiNAU. 


MACKINAC   ISLAND 

Is  situated  ill  tIu-  Straits  of  thu  sumo  naim\  about  four  mile- 
fast  of  the  iiarro\ve>t  part,  tit'teeii  iniie?'  from  Lake  Huron. 
ami  thirty  tn»m  Lake  Michiii-an;  contains  two  thousand  tw.. 
ImndriMl  ami  twenty-one  acres,  of  which  the  Niitional  Park 
contains  eiirht  hundred  and  twenty-one  acres,  and  the  Mili 
tary  Reservation  one  hundred  :ind  tlave  acres. 


A  IIAMIILK  TllUoriill  FOUT  MA(^KIXAC. 


There  are  various  ways  of  rea.chini;'  the  Fort  from  the 
vilhijLje  ;  prohahly  tho  easiest  is  up  "the  steps,"  the  view  at 
the  top  heim;  well  worth  the  hrcath  it  costs  to  reach  it. 

Now  follow  u>,  ami  wc  will  show  you  throU;^li  tin'  Fort: 

This  old  hlockdiousc  on  our  left  was  huilt  in  ll^^K  by  tli'' 
British  troops  under  Major  Patrick  Sinclair:  hcyond,  to  the 
left,  are  two  buildings,  <»llicers''  (piaiteis.  built  in  IsT^I  ;  pas.- 
inc;  aloui;  toward  the  Ha^'-stalf,  we  come  to  another  set  oi 
otHcers'  (Quarters,  built  in  1S.">5.  and  another  old  block-house, 
the  upjier  ]>art  of  which  is  used  as  a  reservoir,  into  which 
water  is  j>um]>e(l  from  a  spi-inir  at  the  foot  of  the  blulf.  and 
distributed  throULrh  ])ii)esinto  vai-iou^  huildini;-.  This  inno- 
vation on  the  old-time  \vater-wa<;-on  was  made  in  IS'^L  in 
accordance  with  a  plan  devised  by,  and  executed  under  the 
•lirection  "f,  Lieut.  Dwiu'ht  IL  Ivelton.  loth  IT.  S.  Infantrv. 
Post-(^uartermaster.     Water  first  pumjted   ( )ct.   11,  LS81. 

While  reinforcing  the  tla^'-staff  in  lsr»l>,  a  bottle  w;i< 
taken  out  of  the  base,  containini?  a  })archinent  upon  which 
was  written : 


KAMUJ.E    TlllC(»l(.ll    lulM     MArKlNvt 


i  < 


IIlADQUAIlTKItS    KoilT    \I\rKl\\(. 
Ma  If    J.'.th,    IS..'-. 

This  flnu-staff  ercctcil  on  the  251  h  day  of  May,  is:!").  Iiy     A     did  ••<;' 
C'<iiini;iiiiu.-«,  of  thr  '.'d  l{fi;iiii('nf  of  Infantry,  stationed  at  thi-  |'n>t. 
The  following  <  MHct'is  of  tlir  '^d  Infantry  ui-ic  prex  iif ; 


Captain  John  (lit/, 
Captain  K.  Kiiliy  IJarnuni, 
Ist-Lifiii.  .J.  .1    \\.  Kin^shury  - 
"iil-Lieiii.  .1.  W.  I'cniosf, 
2d-Li(.'Ui.  .1.  V.  Hoinfoid. 
Asst,Smirt'on  (U'o.  F.  Turner, 
David  .loacs,      .        .        .        . 


"A'"  ('Mnip.iiiy,  Cdm'd'i;  Po.st. 

"<;'■  ('..nipany. 

■'<i"'  ( 'ninpaiiy. 

'•(i"  Company,  A,C.iS. 

'■|I  '  CoMipauy. 

r.S.A. 

Sutler. 


AWmmI  Otficers: 
Ist-Lieut.  J.  S.  (lalJacjhcr,  "A"  Company,  Adjutant, 
'Jil-Fjieut.  J.  n.  Loavenworih,  "A"  Citnipany,  nn  Special  Duty. 
Colonel   Ihmh  lirady,  Hvl.  IJrit?.  (Jriicml,  Coinnianding  Left  Wini,!;, 

Eastern  Departnieut,  IIead(pla^tc'r^^  at  Detroit. 
Lieut. -Colonel    .Vlexander   ('innndni,rs,    Coniniandintr   '-id    KeLdnieiif, 

IIead(jiiartei>  .Madis(ni  IJnrraeks,  Sat.:l<<-i'-  ilarlior,  New  Vork. 
I'resideut  of  the  L'nited  States,  Andrew  .faek-on. 
Builder    (of    tlag-si.aa").    John    McCrailli.    Private,    "A"  Company, 

2d  lufauiiy. 

AiiotliL'f  (locuiueiit  was  added  and  tln'  bottle  \va.<  rc- 
'•*•    .nil)od. 

;T(>iiiu;  down  the  steps  to  the  rii^ht.  we  ai'e  hi'oiii^lit  face  to 
lace  witli  one  «>f  the  old  hmdiiiarks  ol"  this  countiv.  the  old 
>roiie  otHceis"  (jiiai'tefs.  hiiilt  in  IT'^O,  with  w.alU  Iriuii  two 
aii'l  a  halt  to  ciiiiit  feet  thick:  tonm  ly  llic  wmmIows  lia<l 
ii'oii  l)ars  across  them.  In  IM'J  the  ha-cniriit  nt  thi>  liiiiM- 
iiii;'  and  the  old  i>lockdiouses  wei-e  ii>od  a>  pri-nns,  in  which 
Captain  Roherts  detained  the  men  and  lafu'cr  hoys  <d'  the 
vilhii^'e,  after  the  capture  of  the  Fort,  until  he  decided  what 
t"»  do  with  them.  Tliose  who  took  the  oath  of  allegiance 
f"  Great  Britain  were  released  and  allowed  to  return  to 
their  homes;  the  others  were  sent  to  Detroit.      Mr.  Michael 


78 


ANNALS    ul-     1«>UI'    MAlUlNAt 


Stone  Officers'  Quarters.  Built  1780. 


KAMUI.K     IllUnli.ll     mui     MAtKINAC. 


:•.» 


hoiismiin  \va>  [ti'i'iiiittt'il  ti.*  rtMuaiii  iiuutral  ami  was  iiut  ilis- 
turliiMl. 

Ill  l^l4,  till"  hasciiient  of  tin's  i)uil(liiiir  ami  the  Idock- 
IhiUsuh  were  u>im1  as  a  place  of  i"efu;;'e  foi-  the  woiiieti  ami 
ciiildreii  of  the  village,  while  the  vessels  eoiitainiiiir  the 
Aiiiericaii  troops  were  auehoreil  olf  the  i>laii(l. 

The  old  Wooden  huildiiin'  (»ii  our  riuht.  now  ii>ed  as  !i 
>torelioiise,  was  hiiilt  f(»r  a  hospital  in  1^2^  on  the  situ  of 
the  oriu'iiial  hospital,  huilt  l»y  the  Urilish. 

Till'  loiiii',  low  wooden  Iniihlini"-  at  the  other  end  of  the 
stone-(piarters,  formerly  ollicers'  (piiii'ters,  is  now  used  as  a 
>roi-ehouse;  faeinij  it  aiv  the  harracks,  a  two-storv  frame- 
huildinn',  huilt  in  lNr»'.>,  (M-cupied  hy  two  eonipanies  of 
.'oldiers,  one  un  each  tloor,  with  niess-ruunis,  etc.,  complete 
for  each. 

We  come  next  to  the  iruard-house,  huilt  in  1828.  Turnini:: 
toward  the  harracks,  we  have  on  (»ur  riicht,  first,  the  Com- 
iiii»ary,  huilt  in  1877.  on  the  site  of  the  old  stone-mai;'azine. 

In  the  small  huildini;'  adjacent  to  the  (commissary  are  the 
otlices  of  the  (Jommandinii'  ( )tHcer  and  Atljutant.  and  next 
(joi.r,  the  otiiec  of  tlu;  Post-(^uartermaster,  which  is  con- 
nected hy  a  passaj^'c-way  with  the  st<»rehouse  heyoml;  huilt 
oil  the  site  of  the  j)ostd)akery  of  early  days. 

(Tcdnj^uj)  the  ])ath  from  the  ijjiiard-house  we  will  examine 
1  he  "  reveille  ii'un,"  and  take  a  i^limpse  at  the  maii'iiiticent 
\  iev,*  from  the  i:;un-j)latform.  P»elo\v.  at  tiie  fo(»t  of  the 
I'liitf,  are  the  (xovernment  stiihles,  hla(d<smitli  shop,  and  ^Ta- 
iiary;  heyond  them,  the  conij)any  t^ardens.  where  the  huild- 
itius  <->f  the  United  States  hulian  Ai;-ency  stood  in  earlier 
'lays. 

Ill  front  of  us  is  Mound  I.-land,  where,  for  a  long  time, 
there  was  a  larire  Indian  villajj-e,  the  (»idv  remnant  of  which 
is  an  [iidian  burying  ground,  on  the  southeastern  part  of  the 
island.     There  is  also  an  old  hurying  ground  on  Bois  IJlanc 


so 


WNAI.S    (»K    I'l'IM'     MAi  1   'SAC 


I,-!;iih1.  It  is  ii  .-iii-'uhir  fact  that  all  tlu'su  Iii<liaii  ^-ravt's  wen- 
(lui:  <ill<'  ra>t  alhl   Wr>\. 

\Vaiicliii-('<>,  a  ('cIchiMrc'l  spiritualist  (•(  tlir  ( )tta\va  ti'il.f. 
Jivr.l  .,11  \ln\uu\  Mairi  t..|-s.'\A'i'al  >A'ars  piTvidis  t..  hi,- 'Icath, 
whicl)  occiiri't'd  Scptciiilx'i'  ■■'<».   l'^:>7. 

To  tiic  It't'r  (.r    Uo'iipj  l>laii.l  is  l5ois  lilaiic  Ulainl. 

Tlic  l.uiMini:-  ill  our  wuv  is  the  li..>])itaK  hiiilt  in  1S.^^: 
li-aviiiL:'  it  to  owr  rij^iit,  wc  pass  aiiothci-  <.1<1  hlock-lioiise.  aii«l 
over  the  old  north  -allv-port.  just  (.nt>i<lc  of  which,  oji  ,Iuly 
ITth.  l^I-J,  the  r.riti-h  troo|).-  >t(..Ml  in  liiir  and  jU-cx-ntiMJ 
arni>  while  Licnts.  I'ortcr  Hanks  aii<l  Archihald  Darrauh 
iiiarciicd  the  Auk  I'ican  ti'oc.ps  out.  with  arm,-  reversed,  t-j 
i't'fi'i\('  thcii"  pai'olc   a>  pi'i-ont'iv-  ot   wai". 

ras>inu'  oil  wi-  conic  to   rlic  lihi'arv  and  readinij  room. 

Whni  hiiilt,  thr  lort  wa-  cnciox-d  h_v  ;i  stofka(h'  ten  feet 
hl-h,  made  of  ccdai'  pivkets.  into  the  to|)>  ol'  whi(di  weiv 
itrivrii  ii'oii>  with  three  >ii;u'i>  i»r<inij,'s  pro jecti'ai:'.  I-oinierl\ 
all    the    huiidinu>    lu-lou-in^    to    the    fort    wire    within    tlii- 

.stocj.  ;i(!e. 

A  hetter  idea  of  the  hlo(d<diouses  a>  they  ai)peaj'ed  then, 
and  of  the  sto(ds.a<le,  may  he  ohtaiiiel  from  the  illii,-t  r.it  ion^. 
widc'i  are  rediieed  trom  old  drawiiiu>. 

The  old  ^;re^.■^lill  remain  in  place  at  the  .south  sally-por». 
iie.ir  the  i:'n:irddiouse. 

The  tia:i>  "f  rhri.'C  i;'reat  nations  have  successiv(dy  lloate<i 
ovrr  the  post  at  Mi(diilima(d<iiia<'.  which  has  heeii  the  theatrt 
oj'  iii:m\'  a  hlood\-  tragedy.  I:s  possession  ha>  heen  <lisputec 
h\  powerful  nations,  and  its  internul  peace  has  ('ontinuall\ 
hem  m.'idt*  till'  -port  of  indi;m  treachery  and  white  111,111' 
dupliciiy.  To-da\\  chanfinu'  fr  '/ruz/ts  ln'iu'atli  the  ain|>li 
told>  of  the//'  II i-tl,  lis,  t<i-morrow  yielding'  to  the  power  ot 
tlu'  r»riti-'i  lion,  and.  a  few  yeais  later,  lisicninn'  to  the  e\ 
uit,int    sci\-'am»  uf    the    American    eai;h-,    as    the    t^tur^    an  1 


i:.\.Mj;i.i:  Tiiiii'i'i-ii    k<>i:i    .mm  la.SAr, 


^i 


II  >> 


.-ti'ij)fs  lluat  uVcT  liic  batlk'iiiL'Ut^  on  the  "l-h-d  1  liu  •laiK-iiij^ 
spirits." 

TliL'  liistoiT.-al  rcininisci'iict'S   nMul'riiiif  it   classic    ii'i-oiiiid, 


r< 


antl  the  iiiaiiv  wiM  tiM<liti<iii.-,  j),<>|illiii^'  each  rock  aii'l  i;lcii 
with  .spectral  lial»itant»,  ('uiiihiiu'  to  rhi-cw  aroiiml  .Mackinac 
ui]  interest  and  attractiveness  unequalled  \)\  any  other  place 
on  the  Western  Continent. 


|c\ 


82 


A.NNALn    <>b     1<'K1     MAiKl.VAC. 


AMi:ia(\\N   oFFKM^nS. 


The  followini:'  mimed  otlieers  of  the  riiitrd  States  army 
have  scr\('(l  ;it  Fort  Mackinac.  The  year  of  tlieir  arrival^ 
x\m\' '(rft'xl  rank  at  that  time,  aiul  the  or^^aiiization  to  wliich 
tlu'V  hci  (iiin'il  Ave  ixivcii  : 


Aliiicr  I'rinr. 
Klicii''/.(  r  M;i---ay, 
.loiin  Micliai'l. 
isni      I'll. .mas  Hunt. 
.Id^iah  Dtiiiliain, 
'•      Kiclianl  Wliih  v, 


Major, 
Captain, 


Artillerists  iind  Kiig'r; 
Ist  Inlautry. 


Licutfuant,  Artillerists  and  Eng'rs. 

1st  hi  flint  ry. 
1st 
ArtilU'rists  aiul  Eng'rs. 


Major, 

Captain. 

1st  Lieutenant, 


l^ir,*.   Fraiiii-  Lf  IJarr.in,  Suriieon's  Mate. 

].S(»7.  .Iiiiiatlian  Easinuiti,  l>t  Lieutenant,     Artillerists. 

lr<t»s.   Lewi-  Ili'wanl,-^' 


111, 


'.  .rhi' 


[lai)k 


Aicliiliald  Darragh, 
l^jo    Sylvi'sler  Day, 
I'^lo,    Talhoi  Cliiiiiliers, 

.|..M-pli  Kean, 


Capta 

]>\  Lieut'.'iiaat, 
2d 

(Harrison  Surgeon's  Mate. 
Hitles 


M 


M 


1,1'. r, 


ii.ii 


II  oFallon. 


Cal>tain. 


1st  Lieutenant, 


.IdlUi    llf.ldcl-MU, 

.laiiifs  S.  Cray,  '2d 

Luiijaiiiin  K.  Pierce.  Captain, 

lioliert  MeClallan.  Jr..  1st  Lieutenanl, 


Artillery. 


Lewis  Mi)r::an. 
(lemu'e  Wiikiiis, 
■luhu   S.  Li( icc. 
'i'li'iinas  .1.  liaiiil, 
K(l\v;ird  Purcell, 
Md.   John  Miller. 
Jojiii  Ml  Nril, 
"      Charl-'s  Cratiol, 


1st 
2d 
2d 

nd 

Hospital  Surgeon's  Mate. 


(  iiluiiel, 
>Liior, 


'M  Infantry. 
r,th 

pjiii^ineers. 


Iiie.l  ,ir  Fort  Mackiiia'',  January  I'i.  isn. 


AMLKICA.N    ( (FFICEKS. 


ich 


rs. 


rs. 


r,  rs. 


18UJ.  Willituu  Whistler, 
"      Johu  (Jrcciie, 
"      Charles  L.  Cass, 
"      Dtiuicl  Curtis, 
"      John  (Jarland, 
••      Turhy  T.  Tiiduias, 
Briltoii  Evans, 
James  Hc-in, 
Ail'irew    Lewis, 
1817.   All)i(.n  T.  Crow, 
"      Wiliiain  S    Eveleth, 
"     Lawrence  Taliaferro, 
IHIS.   E.lwani  Umoks, 
ISiy.  Josei)h  P.  Kiissell, 
Joseph  Gleason.f 
"      William  Lawrence, 
"      William  S.  Comstock, 
"      Peter  T.  January, 
"      John  Peacock, 
182L   William  Beaumont, 
"      Thomas  C.  Legate, 
"      Elijah  Lyon, 

James  A.  Chambers, 
"      Joshua  Harney, 
{^"22.  James  >L  Spencer, 
It-iaS.  Alexander C.W.  Finning, 
•'      William  Whisth'r, 
Samuel  W.  Hunt, 
"      Aaron  EL  Wright, 
•'      George  H.  Crosman. 
Stewart  Cowan, 
IS2r,,    William  IIotTman. 
'•      liiehanl  S.  Satterlee, 
"      Carlos  A.  Wait, 
"      Seth  Johnson, 
lM2<i    David  i^rooks, 

Alexander  H.  Thompson, 
1827.  James  G.  Allen, 


Capti 


11  n. 


oil   Infantry 
U 


1st  Lieutenant,     :iit 

1st 

1st 

1st 

2a 

2d 

2d 

Hospital  Surgeon's  Mate. 
2d  Lieutenant,     Engineers. 


3d 

3d 

3d 

3d 

3d 

M 

l.st 

3d  lufi 

mtry. 

1st 

3d 

( 1 

Post  Surgeon, 

1st  Lieutenant, 

^)\h  In 

faiilry 

Lieut.  Colonel, 

2d 

" 

Surgeon's  .>LUe, 

:;d 

,  ( 

2(1  Lieutenant, 

8d 

I  < 

2(1 

3d 

i< 

Post  Surgeon, 

Cajytain, 

2d  Artillery. 

1st  Lieutenant, 

3d 

'• 

2d 

2(1 

■  < 

8d 

3d 

u 

Ist 

2d 

(< 

Captain, 

2d 

(( 

*  t 

3d  Int 

aiiiry 

1st  Lieutenant, 

:M 

•  • 

2d 

3d 

4< 

2d 

etii 

K 

2d 

3d 

(( 

Caittain, 

2d 

l( 

Assist.  Surgeon. 

2d  Lieutenant,     2(1  Infantry. 

1st  "  2d 

3d  "  2d 

Cajitain,  3d 

2d  Lieutenant,     .')th 


i  < 
<« 


t  Died  at  Fort  Maekiniie,  March  'i^.  1^20, 


64 


AN.NALs    Vl     lM»i:i     .MA.  lii.NxVC. 


18-J7. 


Ivlwiii  ,I;im(  -<.  Assi>.l.  SiirL-.oti 

MpliiMiiii  l\    l'>.iiiium.  1>I  l.iciiiriKiiii. 

Kdwiii  \     Miiiiiici',  2d  " 

t^aiaucl  '!'    I  li  iiil/i'lm;in,  ~M  " 


•^(1  Itifaiitrv. 


182«. 


1st  Licntciiaiil 
('a)itaiii, 


1829. 


JNIajor. 

2(1  l<i(Ut<  iiaiil, 

2cl 

Liciil.C'iiloiicl 

2(1  Lii'iilenaut, 

2d 

2rl 

1st 


1S:!U. 
18:]1. 

t  i 

i8;}2. 


2d 


183b, 


1834. 


Cliailcs  F.  .Mdi-KMi, 

Sullivan  Uiirhaiik, 

liiihci't  A.  .M<(  'al)t'. 

^\■illial^  AIixaodtT, 

Aliiiir  ii   iictzel, 

•Idsiali  H.  Vose, 

.Jain(!S  Eiiirle. 

Amos  Foster, 

Enos  Culler. 

iMoses  E.  Merrill, 

Kpliruini  Kirbv  .Snnth, 

Isaac  Ijynde. 

Caleb  C.  Sihley, 

Williaiu  E.  Cruger, 

Loui-  'V.  .lauiisiiii, 

Henry  Clark, 

.John  T.  Collinii-worth, 

Uoherl  McMillan, 

George  M.  Hrooks, 

Wadtly  V.  C(.l)l»s. 

Josepli  S.  Gallagher, 

Georgf  W.  I'aticn, 

Thomas  Stockton, 

Alexander  K.  Tliompson,   .M.ijor, 

John  B,  F.  Kussell,  Captain 

William  \Vlii>tler, 

Ephraim  K.  Barnum, 

Jose])li  K,  Smith, 

James  W.  Penro.se, 

Charle.s  8.  F'railey, 

George  F,  Turner, 

Jesse  H.  Leavenworth, 

John  Cliiz,  |: 


InfaniiA'. 


r>tii 

.^)th 
1,-t  Li(  ut(  naid,     Tiih 


nth 

.'•th 

nth 


nth  Intaniry, 


mil 
nth 
nth 
"  nth 

nth 
nih 
nth 

■id  [,i.  iit(  nant,      nth 

A'-si-l     Siiiucon,  .Medical  I )(|>ai'tment. 

Cololli'l, 

Cajitain.  2(i 

-       'Jd 

2d 

nth 

(Uh 

nth 

iMajor,  2(1 

Captain,  2d 

1st  Eieutenant,     2d 
2d  '•  2(1 

Assist.  Surgeon,  Mcdii  al  Department. 


2d  Lieutenant,     2d  Infantry. 


1st  Lieutenant, 

2d 

Bvt    2d  Lieut., 


Captain. 
t  Died  at  Fort  Mackinac,  Noveuiii»,r 


«d 


'■<%, 


AMKUKiAN   oill(  |;|<i, 


85 


l>lo. 


.Iamr>  V.  llointnhl.  'j.i  Mcucnaui,      -.'.I  Iiif;nitrv. 

•Iiiliu-  ,1    IJ    KiiiU'-luwy,     Ui  "  >,>,! 

MarM'iiii  H,  r.itiick,  Iht.  '.M  M.uf..     -j,! 


1S43. 


1S44. 


1847. 


I'.i.istii-  W    WmIcoK. 
•lain.  -  \V,   Aiidcrx)!!, 
Saiiiticl  .\f.I\('ii/ie, 

Alllold    Iv  .loiH'S, 
1  [  irvcy  I>i<)\vn. 
.lohii  \V.  niflps. 
.Inliii  ('.  Pcmixrtoa 
lli'tiry  II'Ml. 
Pill  rick  II.  (Jalt, 

(trii|-;j-c  (  '.    '["Ill  Unas, 

({(■(iiL!'!'  W.  <Jclty, 
AlcXalidci-  ,li)liii>.t()n, 
William  Ciiapiiiaa, 
SiM'iiccr  Noivi'U, 
Henry  Whitiuijf, 
Johu  M.  Jones, 
Rev.  Jolui  O'Hiien, 
Martin  Scott. 
Levi  II.  Ilolden, 
Moses  K.  Merrill, 
William  Hoot, 
Johu  C.  Uobjusou, 
John  Byrne, 
(;iiaries  C.  Keeney, 
George  C.  Westcott, 
Silas  (Jasey, 
Joseph  P.  Smith, 
Fred  Steele, 
Fraz(>y  M.  Winans, 
Michael  P.  Doyle, 
Morgaji  L.  Gau;e, 
Caleb  F.  Davis, 


Assi<i.  Siifiicoii,  Medical  Dcpaitment. 

yd  Lieiifcnaiit,  -.M  I'ltanHv. 

<''"1 '':•'".  'Jd  Anil!   yy 

2d  Lieutenant.  2t\  '• 

Captain.  4th 

1st  Lieutenant,  4tli 

2d  "  4ii, 

Assisi.  Suru:e(Mi.  Medic  il  I),  piiiment 

Captaiu,  4ili  .\iiilleiy 

1st  Lieutenant,  4ili 

M  "  4tli 

C'aptain,  oih  Infaiilry. 

1st  Lieutenant,  5ili 

ad  *•  5th 

2d  "  5th 

Bvt.  2d  Lieut,  5th 

Chaplain. 

('aptain,  5th         " 

Assist.  Sur.ireon.  Medical   Department 

Captain,  5th  Int'antiy. 

1st  Lieutenant,  5th 

2<1  "  5th 

Assist.  Surgeon,  Medical  Depariuiem. 
'•             "  "  (. 

2d  Lieutenant.  2d  Infantry. 

Captain,  2d 

Bvt.  2d  Lieut..  5tii 
5th 

Captain,  15th 

2d  Lieutenant,  I5tli 

Captain.  1st  Micii,  Vols. 


H4S. 


2d  Lieutenant.  1st 

William  F.  Chittenden,      2d  "  1st 

William  N.  li.  Heall.  Bvt.  2dL;(Ut.,  4th  Infantry. 

Charles  H.  Larnard.  Captain,  4tli 


mm 


8*1 


ANNALS    OF    Foirr    MA. "KIN AC. 


T<4s.   ilirain  Dryer. 
]s4!l.  Joseph  1).  Hnwn, 
.losejili  L.  Tidliall, 
ls.-)(».   Charles  li,  I-aiilt, 
IS.-)!.    David  A.  Kii-ell, 
]S')2.   Thuiiias  Williams, 
"      (ieori:;'  \V.  liaiiis. 
.lacol)  C'ulhertsnii, 
.Icseph  li.  11a i ley, 
]S.'>4.   Joseph  B.  Browu, 
IS.").  John  II.  (Jrelaiu!. 
l.s.")0.   p:d\var(l  F.  liagley, 
•'      Willinrn  R.  Terrill. 
"      Joseph  11.  Wheelock, 
John  Byrne, 
Arnold  Elzey, 
Henry  Benson, 
Guilford  1).  Bailey, 
Henry  C.  Pratt, 
Henry  A.  Smalley, 
.Tr.hn  F.  Head, 
William  A.  Hammond, 
Georire  L.  Ha rl.su ll". 
Grover  S.  Wormer, 
"      Elias  F.  Sutton, 

Louis  Harimeyer, 
"      James  Knox, 
•'      Clmrles  W.  Le  Boutillier. 
lS(i().  Jerry  N.  Hill 

Washiniiton  L.  Wood, 
l.s(>7.  John  Mitchell, 
"      Edwin  C.  Ga^kill, 
Julius  Stommell, 
1809.   Leslie  Smith, 
"      John  Leonard. 
"      Matthew  Markland. 

1870.  Samuel  S.  Jessop, 

1871.  Tlionuis  Sharp, 


1857. 

I  < 

(  4 

1858. 

is.v.t. 
isoe. 


'Jil  Lieuteniin 

As«.«sist.  Suru;eoii 

Bvi.  'Jd  Lieut.. 

A->i>t.  Suni'eon, 

1st  Lieutenant, 

Captain, 

1st  Lieutenant, 

2a 

Captain, 
Assist.  Surgeon, 
1st  Lieutenant. 

1st 

1st 

Assi>t.  Surgeon, 

Captain, 

1st  Lieutenant, 

3d 

Captr.in, 

2d  Lieutenant, 

Captain, 


4tli  Infantry, 

Medical  Department. 

4lh  Infantry. 

Medical  Dejia'tmeut. 

4lh  Infantry. 

4!h  Artillery 

4th 

4lh 

Medical  Department. 

4tli  Artillery. 

4th 

4th 

4th 

Medical  Department. 

'2d  Artillery. 

•2d 

2(1 

2d 

.1,1 

M'dical  Deitartmont. 


1st  Lieutenant,  vJd  .\rtillery. 

Captain,  Stan* on  Guards,  Mich.  Vols. 

1st  Lieutenant,  "  " 

2<1  "  " 

Chaplain,  Mich.  Vols. 

Assist.  Surgeon,  Isl  Minn.  Inf'y.  Vols. 

Caittiiin,  Vet.   Kes.  Corps. 

2(1  Lieutenant, 

Captain,  4:id  Infantry. 

1st  Lieutenant,  A'M 

2d  "  4;M 

Captain,  1st  " 

l>t  Lieutenant,  1st 

2d  "  1st 

Captain,  Medical  Department. 

1st  Lieutenant,  l.st  Infantry, 


AMKKR'AM    t»FKI(.  L1.8. 


S7 


ls7;{ 
1 1 


1  >  <  < 


■   ^VillillIll  M.  Xutson, 
.   Carlos  Ciirvallo, 
Clmrk's  J.  Dickey, 
.John  McA.  Wt'ljster, 
•I.  Victor  Ue  Ilanne, 
Altnd  L.  Hough, 
'loscph  Bush, 
Thomas  II.  Fisher, 
Fichiiua-  L.  Davies, 
Charles  A.  Webb, 
•loliii  (}.  Hallauce, 
Tiicodore  Mosher,  Jr., 
I'ctcr  .Mollat, 
Oxar  I).  La<il('y, 
Kiiwiii    E.  Sellers,^ 
<  liMil.s  L.  Davis, 
Dwi,-r|it  H.  Kciton, 
\Vaiter  T.  Duii'.iran, 
Hoiranhis  Eldrid^e, 
J-Mward  II.  Fluninier, 
(}('or:,^e  VV.  Adair, 
Williaui  n.  Corliusior, 
JoJiu  Adams  Perry, 


Captain, 

Captain, 

2d  Lieutenant, 

Capi;iin, 

Major, 

Captain, 


Medical  Departmeui 

22d  Infantry. 

2-Jd 

-Medical  Deparlinent 

2'M  Infantry. 

22(1 


1st  Lieutenant,  22d 

2d           "  00,1 

Captain,  82d 

2d  Lieutenant,  :.'Jd 


Captain. 

1st  Lieutenant,     22d  Infantry. 


22d 

Me<lica!  Departnient 


Captain, 

1st  Lieutenant. 

1st 

2d 

2d 

Captain, 


10th 

lOth 

loth 

10th 

10th 

loth 

Medical  Department. 


4< 

(( 
<  , 


2d  Lieutenant,     10th  Infantry. 


§Died  at  Fort  .Maokinae,  April  8tti,  1884. 


h 

d 
)l( 

ill 

h 

Jli 

re 

n;i 
■i:i 
eii 
Iif 
;ic 

\vi 


mi 
.ste 
luv 


LEGEND  or  "LOVER'S  LEAP." 


Many  vi-ars  ai^o,  rlicre  lived  a  warrior  on  this  isla^id  whose 
iiiiiiu'  was  Wawaiiosli.  He  was  the  cliicf  <»f'  an  aiicii'iit 
t'aiiiilv  of  his  trihe,  who  had  prcscrvtMl  the  line  of  c.liiL'ftain- 
>iii|)  iini»rokcn  fi'oni  a  remote  rime,  and  he  eonsecjuently 
clu'ri-hed  a  pi'idc  of  ancestry.  To  the  i'e|)iitation  of  hirtli 
he  added  the  advantages  of  a  tall  and  eoiiiniandinii:  person, 
.iikI  tiie  dazzling-  i|ualities  of  |>er>oiial  strength,  ('(Hirai^e  and 
a'-rivity,  IJis  how  was  noted  for  its  size,  and  the  feats  he 
hid  performed  with   it.      11  i>  counsel  was  sou^'lit  as  much  as 


eq 


nal 


hi>    streng'tli    w;i^    feai-ed.    so    that    he   came    to    he 
reii'arded  as  a  hiinrer.  a  warrioi'  and  a  counsellor. 

Such  was  Wawaiiosh,  t.>  whom  the  united  voice  of  the 
nation  iiwardi'd  the  iirsr  place  in  their  esteem,  and  the  jiiii'hest 
:i;illiority  in  council.  P)Ut  ilistinctiou.  it  >eems,  is  apt  lO 
eiiii'ender   iiau>:htiiiess  in  the  hunter  .-tate  as  wei'  as  civilized 


hfe.      Pi' 


idf  was  his  rulmi:   pa>>ion.  and   he  cluiii:'  with   ten- 
icitv  to  the  distinctions  which  he  i'e<iarded  as  an  iidieritance. 


W 


;iw 


inosh   had   an   oniv  daughter,  win*   hail   ih»w  lived   to 


witness  tiie  huddini:'  of  the  lea\t>s  of  the  eiti'hteenth  sprinii'. 
Her  fatlu,!'  was  not  more  celehratetl  foi-  his  deeds  of  stren^^!l 
than  she  for  her  gentle  virtues,  her  ^lemlei-  form,  her  full, 
licainiiijij;  ha/el  eve>,  and  her  dai'k  and  ilfwiiii:  hair. 

Her  haihi  \\a>  xmnlit    !i_\   a  vouni:   !n;iii  ol    humhle  parent- 


age, w 


ho   I 


latl  no  other  mi 


rits  to  I'l'commend  him  hut  such 


as 


iniii'ht  arise  from  a  tall  ami  commandini:"  per>(»n.  a  manly 
.■-tep.  ami  ;tn  eve  heaniiiii:' wit  h  the  tropical  lirrs  ot  vontli  and 
ere  sutHcient   to   attract    the  tavorahle   notice 


live 


Tl 


lese  w 


!«> 


ANNAI--'    I'K    I'HlM     MACKINAC. 


of  tile  diniiilitt'!'.  I>ut  wriT  by  no  means  satisfa<*t<»ry  to  tin 
father,  \vli(»  s(»ii<;lir  an  alliance  mioih'  suitable  to  tiie  raiilN  ;iii'' 
the  iiiirli  j)reten.sions  of  his  taniily. 

"  liisten  to  me,  yoiuii;  nuin,"  hi;  replied  to  tlir  ti'enil)liiii: 
hunter,  wlio  had  souirlit  rlic  intervirw,  "and  he  attentivi-  tn 
niv  words.  Vou  ask  lur  to  bestow  upon  vou  niv  dauirhtir, 
the  chief  >olace  of  niv  am-,  and  niv  clu)i(!est  trift  Ironi  tin 
Master  of  Life.  ()tliers  ha\c  askeil  of  me  this  i)Oon,  \\'\[" 
were  as  voiin^,  as  active  and  as  ardent  as  vnur.-i 


'If. 


SoMll'  (i! 


these  persons  have  had  better  claims  to  become  my  st>n  in 
law.  Iliiveyou  retk-cted  upon  the  ileetl^  which  have  raise(| 
me  in  authority.  ;ind  made  inv  name  kiKtwn  to  the  enemies 
i>f  my  natioii  (  Where  is  thei'c  a  chief  who  is  n(»t  proud  t^' 
bi' considered  the  fi'iend  ol'  Wawaiiosh^  Where,  in  all  tlir 
land,  i>  fhei't'  a  liunli'r  who  lia>  excelled  Wawanosh  ^  Wherr 
is  there  a  warri(tr  wlio  can  boast  the  takitijj::  of  an  e<jual  num 
l>er  of  scalps^  jlesides.  lia\r  vou  not  heard  that  my  fathei- 
came  from  tlie  East,  bearing-  the  marks  (d'  chieftainev  T' 


And  what,  youiiii    man.  have   //ott   to  boasts      Have   1/ 


'on 


ever  met  your  enemies  in  ♦^Ir'  tield  of  battled  \\[ivc  i^on 
ever  brouii'hr  hwUie  a  trophv  of  victory?  Have  (/on  ever 
j>r->ved  your  foi'titude  by  sulfei'inu  protract(Ml  ]»ain,  endiiriii:: 
continued  huni::er.  or  sustaining-  i^reat  fatii^ue?  Is  (/<>"> 
fii/f/w  known  beyond  the  humble  limits  of  your  native  vil 
\;\ii\' i  (to,  then,  voun^-  man,  and  I'arn  a  name  for  yourself. 
It  is  none  but  the  bra\e  that  can  ever  ho})e  to  claim  aii 
alliance  with  the  lu)use  of   Wawanosh." 

The  intimidated  lover  departed,  but  lie  resolved  to  do  a 
dviid  that  should  render  him  worthy  of  the  chiuirhter  ot 
Wawanosli,  or  die  in  the  attempt.  lie  called  together 
several  of  his  3'oung  com |)an ions  and  equals   in  years,  a!i<: 


Mil 


imparted   to  them  his   design  of  conducting  an  expediti 
against  the  enemy,  and   recpiested  their  assistance.     Sevi-ral 
embraced   the   proposal   immediately  ;  and,   before   ten  sun- 


LK(iKM)    <•!•     '•  l.n\  KU  S    M  A I 


'.»! 


si't,  lio  saw  hirnsclt'  at  the  ln'iid  of  a  tnrriii<lal)U!  party  <»t' 
\  .11  ni;  \varri<»i'.-.  all  cau'cr,  like  liiinx-lf,  to  (li.->tiiiijuisli  tln'in- 
selvcs  ill  l>attl.  i'',ar|i  warrior  w  ai'iMt'tl.  acrt.nliiiif  tn  rMc 
t'listoin  nl'  flic  peritxl.  with  a  1m»w  ami  a  r|uivi'r  nf  ari'ow-. 
tipjxMl  with  tliiiT  tT  jasper,  lie  carried  a  .-ack  or  wallet. 
orovided    with    a   small    (lu.iiititv   of  parchctj    and 


4' 


I' 


Itolll 


ILMI 


corn,  mixed  with  pemmican  «>r  maplc-sii/rar.  lie  was  fiir- 
iiishiMJ  with  a  pMn-^^amaULnin,  or  war-cluh  o*'  hard  \v(»od, 
fastened  to  a  girdle  of  dL'cr>is  ii,  and  a  stone  (»r  copj)er  knife. 
Ill  addition  t(»  tliis,  some  carried  the  ancient  tthifinnjim.  <'i 
l.mce,  a  smooth  )tole  ahuut  a  fathom  in  leiii^tli,  with  a  javelin 

\  tlint  firmly  tied  on  with  deer's  sinews,  'I'liiis  e<|uipped. 
and  each  warrior   painted   in  a  iiiaiiiu'r  to  >uit  his  fancy,  and 

rnamentcd  with  appro})riate  featiiers,  they  repaired  to  the 
sp(»t  ap))ointed  for  the  war-dance. 

A  level,  i^rassy  plain   e.xleinled  for   nearly  a  mile  from  the 
liMJire  of  Wawano>li  aloiiir  the   lake  sliore.      Lod«»'es  of  hark 

ere  promiscuously  inters)>ersed  over  this  irreeii,  and  here 
and  there  a  solitary  tall  pine.  A  helt  «d'  yellow  sand  skirted 
the  lake  shori'  in  front,  ami  n  tall,  tliick  forest  fornu'(l  the 
hackirround.      In    the  center  of   this   j>lain  stood  a  liiii'li,  slinr 


( ' 


o 


\V 


tered  pill'  ,  with  a  clear  space  aixnit,  renowned  as  the  scene 
of  the  war-dance  time  out  of  mind,  llei-e  the  youths  asseiii- 
hled,  with  their  tall  and  i:;raceful  leiider,  ilistiiii:aiished  hy  the 
feathers  of  the  l>ald-eaij:le.  which  he  wore  <tn  his  head.  A 
hria^ht  fire  of  pine  wood  hlazed  upon  the  L^'ceii.  He  leil  his 
several   times   around    this    tire,   with    a    measured  and 


men 
solemn 


chant.  Then  suddenly  haltinti',  the  war-whooj)  was 
raised,  and  the  dance  immediately  he^'aii.  An  old  man. 
sitting  at  the  head  of  the  riiiii;,  heat  time  u|)on  the  drum, 
wliile  several  of  the  ehler  warriors  shook  their  rattles,  and 
"ever  and  anon"  made  the  woods  re-echo  with  their  yell,-. 

Thus  they  continued   the   dance   for  tW(.t  successive  days 
and  niirhts. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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A.\.NAI,S    <'F    Fori     AIACKIXAC. 


At  leuiith  t]ie  proplict  utteretl  his  final  prediction  of  siic- 
cei?s;  and  flie  warriors  droi'}Mn<;-  oft",  one  by  one,  from  t!u' 
tire,  took  their  way  to  the  place  appointed  for  the  reiulc/- 
vous,  on  the  confines  of  the  en-nny's  country.  Tlieir  leader 
was  not  among  the  last  to  dej^art.  but  he  did  not  leave  the 
village  without  seehing  an  interview  with  the  daughter  of 
AVawanosh.  lie  disclosed  to  her  his  firm  determination 
never  to  return,  unless  lie  could  establish  his  name  as  a 
warrior.  He  told  her  of  the  })ang8  he  had  felt  at  the  bitter 
reproaches  of  her  father,  and  declared  that  his  soul  spurned 
the  imputation  of  eft'eminacy  and  cowardice  implied  by  his 
language.  He  averred  that  he  could  never  be  happy  until 
he  had  ])roved  to  the  whole  tribe  the  strength  of  his  heart. 
He  said  that  his  dreams  had  not  been  propitious,  but  he 
should  not  cease  to  invoke  the  power  of  the  Grreat  Spii'it. 
He  repeated  his  protestations  of  inviolable  attachment,  which 
slie  returned,  and,  pledging  vows  of  mutual  fidelity,  they 
parted. 

That  parting  proved  final.  All  she  ever  heard  from  her 
lover  after  this  interview  was  brought  by  one  of  his  success- 
ful warriors,  who  said  that  he  had  distinguished  himself  bv 
the  most  heroic  bravery,  but,  at  the  close  of  the  tight,  he 
had  received  an  arrow  in  his  bi'east.  The  enemy  fled,  leaving 
many  of  their  warriors  dead  on  the  field.  On  examining 
the  wound,  it  was  perceived  to  be  beyond  their  power  to 
cure.  They  carried  him  toward  hon:e  a  day's  journey,  but 
he  languished  and  expired  in  the  arms  (>f  liis  friends.  Fnun 
the  moment  the  report  v/as  received,  no  smile  was  ever  seen 
in  the  once  happy  lodge  of  Wawanosh.  His  daugliter  pined 
away  l.)y  day  and  l)y  night.  Tears,  sighs  and  lamentation 
were  heard  continually.  Nothing  could  restore  her  lo>r 
serenity  of  mind.  Persuasi\cs  and  rej)roofs  were  alternateiv 
(  luployed,  but  employed  in  vain.  She  would  seek  a  seques- 
tered   spot,   where  she   would    sit    and    sing    her   mournfril 


LEGEND    OK    "  LOVEk's    r.EAl'." 


93 


laments    for   hours    together.       Passages    of    these    are    yet 
repeated  by  tradition,  one  of  which  we  -nve; 


THE  LOON'S  FOOT. 

I  thouglit  it  was  the  loon's  foot.  I  saw  beneath  the  tide, 
But  no— it  was  my  lover's  shining  i)a(ldle  I  espied; 
It  was  my  lover's  paddle,  as  my  glance  I  upward  east, 
That  dippwi  so  light  and  gracefully  as  o'er  the  lake  I  passed. 
The  loon's  foot— the  loon's  foot, 

'Tis  graceful  on  the  sea; 
But  not  so  light  and  joyous  as 
That  paddle-blade  to  me. 

My  eyes  were  bent  upon  the  wave,  I  cast  them  not  aside, 
And  thought  I  saw  the  loon's  foot  beneath  the  ^ilvci'  tide. 
But  ah!  my  eyes  deceived  me— for  as  my  glance  I  cast, 
It  was  my  lover's  paddle-blade  that  dipped  so  light  and  fast. 
The  loon's  foot— the  loon's  foot, 

'Tis  sweet  and  fair  to  see; 
But,  oh,  my  lover's  padiile-blade, 
Is  sweeter  iar  to  me. 

The  lake's  wave— the  long  wave— the  Ijillow  big  and  free, 
It  wafts  me  up  and  down,  v*ithin  my  yellow  light  canoe; 
But  while  I  see  beneath  hea-'en  pictured  as  I  sjieed, 
It  is  that  beauteous  paddle-hlade  that  makes  it  heaven  in''  ..u. 
The  loon's  foot — the  loon's  foot. 

The  bird  upon  the  sea, 
Ah!  it  is  not  so  beauteous 
As  that  paddle-blade  to  me. 

It  was  not  long  before  a  small  bird  of  beautiful  plumage 
flew  upon  the  rock  on  which  she  usual] v  sat.  This  nivfiteri- 
oii«  visitor,  wdiicli,  from  its  sweet  and  artless  notes,  is  called 
Chileeli,  seemed  to  respond  in  sympatlij  to  lier  plaintive 
Voice.  It  was  a  strange  bird,  such  as  had  not  before  been 
observed.     It  came  every  day  and   remained  cltanting   its 


94 


ANNALS    OF    FORT    MAC'KIXAC. 


notes  till  nightfall  ;  and  when   it  left  its  perch,  it  seemed, 
from  the  delicate  phiy  of  the  colors  oi'  its  phimagc,  as  if  it 


had  taken  its  hues  from  tlie  rainl 


)()\V 


II 


L'Y  fond  i!;iaj:inatioii 


soon  led  her  t(»  suppose  it  was  tlie  spirit  of  her  lover,  an. 
her  visits  to  the  lonely  rock  were  re])eated  more  fre(pient!y 
She   })assed    much  of  lier    time   in    tasting  and  singing    iic 


)>laintive  songs. 


Th 


lere  she  pined  away 


tak 


mj 


littl 


e  noiir 


ishment,  and  constantly  desiring  to  pass  away  to  that  land  of 
expected  bliss  and  fi'eedom  from  care,  where  it  is  helievi-il 
that  the  s|)irits  of  men  will  he  again  reunited,  and  tread 
over  fields  of  flowery  enjoyment.  ( )ne  evening,  her  lifeU's> 
hody  was  found  at  the  foot  of  the  rock,  but  when  death 
came  to  her.  it  was  not  as  the  beaver  of  i^U 
but  as  the  herald  of  hapj)iness. 


)oni  and  reu'ivt? 


EARLY  MICHIGAN. 


TfiK  lirst  Eiii-(.|)e:in   Sottleuient   within   tla;   limits  of   tl 


U! 


Slate  of  JMiciiiufuii  was  1)_v  the  French. 

In   KUJ.    Fathers  Cliarles  Raynil)anlt    and   Isaac   Joix 
upon  the  invitation  of  tlie  Ojibwa.  visitetl  tl 


nes. 


Sr.  M 


ii'V  s    Kivei 


li 


rnt( 


estal)lishnient  of  a  mission 


10  rapids  of  the 
oward   cii'cninstances  prevented  th 


e 


Tl 


le  lirst  white  men  who  passed  tlie  ra])ids.  entered  Lake 


le  south 


th 


Superior  and  cuisted  alony-  tlie  whole  extent  of  tl 
ern  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  were  Dcs  Groseillers  (famous 
for  his  later  exj^loits  on  Hudson  Bay)  and  another  youn*,' 
Frenchman.  They  spent  the  winter  of  KloU-GO  in  Northern 
Wisconsin  and  Eastern  ]\rinnesota,  and  in  the  foil 


ollowinL''  sum- 


mer returned   to  Canada   with   three   liundred    Indians   and 
'jon.ood  livres'  worth  of  fur. 

Father  Kenatus  (Ilene)  Menard   was  the  first  Jesuit   who 


labored  foi-  some  time  anionir  the  Ind 


ians  in  Tj^per  Michiu'an. 


His  stay  on  Keweenaw  J5ay  kisted  fi-oni  October  15th, 
10(!0,  to  July  18th,  UKU.  About  a  month  later  he  j>erished 
durinii'  an  atteni])t  to  reach  the  Huron  Settlement  on  the 
headwaters  of  the  Black  Eiiver  (Wisconsin). 

In  1(W')5,  Father  Allouez  coasted  alouL^  tl 
Lake  Superior  on  1 


le  south  shore  o 


f 


lis  way  to  Sha<»-awamigon<2:  (Che-oime- 
y:(j]\<r\  where  he  founded  a  mission.  Its  site  was  at  the  head 
of  Ashland  i>ay,  AV^i  scon  sin. 

In  106S,  Father  James  Marquette  reached  the  Sault,  where 
he  was  joined  by  Father  Claudius  Dablon.  The  settlement 
of  i\Iichii^-an  begins  at  this  period. 


96 


ANNALS    OF    Four    MA(KI.\A(;. 


Under  fne  French  and  British  dominion,  the  territory  wns 
associated  with  tlie  Canadas,  luit  ))ecanie  part  of  tlie  territorv 
of  Virginia  at  tlie  close  of  the  war  of  independence,  althouiili 
it  was  not  formally  occnpied  Ity  the  United  States  nntil  ITtMi. 
Virginia  had  in  the  meantime  ceded  to  the  Ignited  States  ail 
of  her  territory  northwest  of  the  Ohio  River,  and  Congiv», 
l)y  the  historical  "Ordinance  of  ITST,"  passed  July  IHth  <»l 
that  year,  provided  for  its  iiovernment  as  the  "' Northwor 
ierritory. 

The  first  seat  of  government  of  the  Northwest  Territory 
was  at  Chillicothe,  Ohio.  l>y  act  of  Congress  of  May  Ttlu 
1S<MI,  the  territoiw  was  divided,  preparatory  to  the  admission 
uf  Ohio  into  the  Union  as  a  State,  and  the  '"Indiana  Tci'ii- 
tory ''  waF  erected,  with  the  seat  of  govern: nent  at  Vincennc^, 
Indiana.  IJy  act  of  Jannary,  1805,  the  Territory  uf  Michi 
mm  was  set  off  fi'om  the  Indiana  Territory,  the  seat  of  i^-ov- 
ernment  being  cstablishcvl  at  Detroit.  Ii>y  this  act,  the 
southern  boundary  of  ]\[ichiu;an  was  fixed  by  a  line  drawn 
due  east  from  the  southerly  bend  or  extreme  of  Lake  Michi- 
gan until  it  intersects  Lake  Erie,  and  the  western  boundary 
through  Lake  Michigan  and  thence  due  north  to  the. north- 
ern boundary  of  the  United  States.  This  included  on  tln^ 
south  a  strij)  of  territoi-y,  now  forming  a  part  of  the  State 
of  Ohio,  and  did  not  include  the  northern  or  Up])er  Penin- 
sula of  the  now  State  of  Michigan. 

In  the  year  1835,  the  people  of  Michigan  took  ste])s  for 
formino;  a  State  (Tovernment.  The  admission  of  the  State 
into  the  Union  was  delayed  until  lSo7,  chiefly  in  conse(|Uen('e 
of  a  disagreement  in  regard  to  the  southern  boundary;  \\w 
State  of  Ohio  laying  claim  to  the  strip  of  territory  previously 
referred  to,  which  it  was  claimed  on  the  other  hand  was 
within  the  Territory  of  ]\[ichigan,  and  which  embraces  within 
its  limits  the  ])resent  City  of  Toledo.  The  dispute  at  one 
time  threatened  an  armed  collision,  and  military  forces  were 


EARr.V    MR  11 1(,  AN. 


9T 


iiinsterod  on  hutli  .sides,  in  what 


Tolcd 


o  vvai" 


Tl 


is  popiikirly  known  as  tl 


le 


le  ditticultj   was   settled    Ijy   the  act   of 


Conirrcss  of  June,  IfeBH,  tixinu-   tiie  disputed  "hound 


accordance   with   the  chiini   of    ()] 
stead,  the  territory  known  as  the  [^pper  Peninsuh 


II  ry    m 
lio,   o'ivino-  to   Miehii-'an. 


m 


Tlie  seat  of  goverunient  remained  at  Det 
wlien  it  was  removed  to  I 


roit  until  1847. 


The  land  area  of  the  State 


.<ansin«»-, 


comprises  two  iiatural  divisioi 


known  as  the  Upper  and  Lower  Peninsulas,  and  the  ad 
islands. 

The  Upper  Peninsula  contains  U.-t^l.-tof 
The  Lower  Peninsula  cont 


IM 


acent 


)  acres. 


ains  21,()TT.1S4  acres. 


There  are  179  islands  included  within  the  boundaries  of 


the  State,  varying  in  area  f 
area  beino-  4U4,730  acres. 


rom  one  acre  n])ward,  their  total 


Bois-Blanc  Island  contains  2L351  acre: 
Round  Island  contains  Lso  acres. 
Mackinac  Island  contains  2,221  acres. 


\)S 


ANNALS    OF    FOKT    MACKINAC. 


GOYERXORS  OF  MirilTGAN. 


UMJEK    F1{KN(.I1    DOMINION. 


SA-MIKL    C'lIAMi'l.AlN, 
M.    UE    MONTMAONY, 

M.  1)AillI':i!(h:t, 

-M.   1)1-:  Laiso.n, 

M.  D1-:  Lauson  (son), 

M.    D'AlLLEBOUT, 

M.  d'Aiujenso:^, 
Baron  D'AvArcioiR, 
M.  DE  Mesey. 
m.  ])e  courcelle, 
Count  de  Fkontenac, 

M.    DE   LA    BaUKE, 

Makquis  de  Denonville, 
Count  de  Fkontenac, 
m,  de  calliere8, 
M.  DE  Vaudreuil, 
M.  de  Beauharnois, 
M.   DE  Galissoniere, 

M.    DK    LA    JONqUIERE, 
M.    DU    QUESNE, 

M.  DE  Vaudreuil  de  Cavagnac, 


l(i4^- 
16."il- 
1(1"  • 
i(;r,T- 

vm- 
i(i(;;;- 

ItKi,")- 

1()S!>- 
lOS.V 
l().Sil- 
1099- 
170;5- 
1T2()- 
1747- 
1749- 
1752- 
1755- 


■i(;:i:. 

■ItilT 

■li;.'iii 
iu.-»; 
-iii:)S 

■Uii;:, 

■ir,:-,> 

■Kis'J 

■ll'iS") 
■lOx!' 

■Ifi'.lN 

•I7ii;; 
i7t; 

ITl'J 
17.VJ 

■ITW 


under  british  dominion. 

James  Murray 

Guy  Carleton,  

Frederick  Haldimand,         .        .        .        ,        , 

Henry  Hamilton, 

Lord  Dorchester,         .... 


1703-1 707 

1708-1777 
1 777-1 7sr> 

17sr)-i:s(; 

17^0-17110 


Arthur  St.  Clair, 


territorial  oovkijnors. 

JS'oi'th  irtst   Tvrritorj/. 


1700-1 soo 


liAKI.V     MiniltiAN. 


Indudtd    'itrriforn. 
William  Hexuy  Hauuhon, 


.    isoo-i,s<r> 


Mir/ii'jaii   Tart  fori/, 

William  IIull, 

Lewis  Cass, 

(JEOlKiK    Ji.    I'OHTEK,-" 

Stevens  T.  Ma ssjN,  tuw//A\w, 


IHon-lsi:; 

.     l.slil-is;!! 

is:n-is;!.} 


um)i;k  >'v.vi 

Stevens  T.  .^Iason,    . 
William  WooDiuiiiKii:, 

J.    WlilbllT   GoUDti.N,} 

John  S.  Dauiiv,       .        .        .        . 

Alpiieus  Feiaii, 

William  L.  GHEENLY.f 

KivvriiHODrns  1{ans(i.m. 

•  li'IIN  S.   Bauhv,        .         .         .         . 

ROUEKT   McC'LEi.I.AND, 

Andrew  pAuso.Ns.f 

Kinsley  S.   Bincham, 

-Moses  Wisneu,        .        .        .        . 

ArsTiN  Blaik 

Henhy  II.  CuAro. 
JIenky  p.   j?ai.i>\vin, 

John  J.  Jjacjley 

Charles  >I.  Chosakll, 
David  H.  Jerome, 
Josiah  W.  Beoole,     . 


\1  TIIORITV. 


•  • 


•  • 


18;].> 

1840- 

18-11- 

184',^ 

]!?4tl- 

1S47- 

1S48- 

18.j()- 

180:2- 

185:}- 

is.lo- 

lS5i)- 

lS(il- 

i8<;.-)- 

ISdD- 

187;]- 
1877- 
1881- 
188.-]- 


-1840 
■1841 
■l<4-3 

i^k; 

■ls47 
lS4f5 
1S.-)U 
18")^ 
ls.-,:{ 
isr,.-) 
is.V.) 

i8<;i 

18(15 
ISd!) 
1S7:] 
1S77 

issi 

lN8-i 
1884 


*Died  while  in  office,  July  0,  18  M,  and  was  siicceeaeil  by  the  then  Secretary  of 
the  Territory,  Stevens  T.  Mason. 

+  Lieutenant-Govemoi' a.'tin^r  as  (juvtrnor. 


ANNALS    OF    FoUT    MACKINAC. 


Inl 


NATIONAL  I'AIIK-  ISLAND  OF  MACKINAC. 


On  Mi.rcli  llth,  1>7;'..  ILmi.  T.  W.  Fcitv,  Siniatur  from 
Micliin'iUi.  iiitr(»(|iic('(l  ill  rill'  Senate  the  fi>!l(»\vinu' : 

lirmdrfd,  Tliut  sd  mucli  of  the  |>1;iii(l  of  .MacUiiiac,  lyiiii;  in  the  Straits 
(if  -Mac Ulnae,  within  tiic  i'dunty  of  .Miici<iiiac,  in  tlic  State  of  Miehiuau, 
iis  is  now  field  hy  the  l.'nileil  States  under  military  ivsei'vation  or  other- 
wise (excel ttinji' the  i''"'"'  Macliinae  and  >o  iiuieh  of  the  present  reservation 
thereof  as  hounds  it  to  Hu-  south  ot  the  villaiic  of  .Markinae.  and  to  the 
west,  north  ami  cast  res)ieelivf!y  hy  lines  di'awn  mu'th  and  south,  east 
and  west,  at  a  distance  from  the  present  ton  i!aL;--statl"  of  four  liundred 
yards),  herehy  is  reserved  and  withdiawii  from  >ettiement.  occuiiancy. 
or  sale  \inder  the  laws  of  the  I'nited  States,  and  tlcdieated  and  set  apart 
as  a  National  puhlie  park,  or  grounds,  for  healih,  comfort  and  pleasure, 
for  the  l)enetit  and  enjoyment  of  tlie  jieople;  and  all  persons  who  .•-hall 
locate  or  settle  ujion  or  oc.-eupy  the  same,  or  an}-  piart  thereof,  exeept  as 
herein  provided,  shall  l)e  considered  tres]>assers,  and  nnntveftl  tlierefrom. 

That  said  puhlic  park  shall  he  undci'  the  (.'xelusivc  control  of  the  See" 
retary  of  \\;\\\  whose  duty  it  shall  l)e.  as  soon  ;is  praetieahle.  to  make 
and  ]Hi!)lish  such  rules  and  reuadations  as  he  nniy  deem  necessary  or 
proper  for  the  care  and  manaueiuent  of  the  same.  Such  regulations 
shall  provide  for  the  preservati(Mi  fi'oni  injury  or  spoliation  of  ;dl  tim!)er. 
mineral  deposits,  natural  curiosities,  or  wonders  within  said  jiark.  and 
their  retention  in  their  natural  condition.  The  Secretary  nuiy,  ui  his 
diseivlion,  grant  lea.ses,  for  huilding  pur[)()ses,  of  snndl  parcels  of  ground, 
at  sucl)  places  in  said  park  as  shall  recpiire  the  erection  of  huildings  tor 
the  accoinuiodution  of  visitors,  for  terms  not  exceeding  ten  years;  all  of 
the  proceeds  of  said  leases,  and  all  other  revenues  derived  from  any 
•source  'connected  with  said  ]iark,  lo  he  expended  under  his  direction,  in 
the  management  of  the  same  and  in  tlie  construction  of  roads  and  bridle- 
paths tliereiu.  He  siiall  jirovide  against  the  wanton  destruction  of  game 
or  fish  found  within  said  park,  and  against  their  capture  or  destruction 
for  any  purposes  of  use  or  profit.  He  also  shall  cause  all  persons  tres- 
passing upon  the  same,  after  the  passage  of  this  act,  to  l)e  removed  there- 
from, and  generally  shall  be  authorized  to  take  all  such  measures  as  shall 


Id'J 


ANNAl.S    OF    I'MlM     MACKINAC. 


be  lu'cc'ssiiry  or  iii(i|»c'i'  Id  fully  ruiry  I'ui  (lu'  niijo  i>  ami  purposes  of  tlii.s 
act. 

TIkiI  any  luirt  of  tin'  pui'k  iH'irhy  crciMcd  shall  at  all  tiiiu's  he  availal)U; 
for  miliiary  piupost'>,  citlu'r  as  a  parade  or  hill  li'iounil,  in  time  of  pfaic. 
or  for  coiiiph'ti-  occiipalioM  in  time  of  war.  oi'  whenever  war  !■-  expicii  il 
and  may  tilso  ha  used  for  the  eivetion  of  any  pulilie  l»uildinii>.  oi-  work>: 
Pi'iriilcil,  'I'hal  no  per-oii  shall  ever  elaiin  oi-  re(ci\e((f  the  I'niled  Sta!e> 
auv  daniai^e  on  aeeoinit  i^{  :uiy  fuiure  anienilniciii  nr  repeal  of  tlii>  aei 
or  the  takini,^  of  said  park,  oi  any  part  thei'eoi',  fur  piililie  jiurposes  or  u<e. 

Senator  bV-ri'v  «li<l  not  t'oro-ot  his  woi  k  (»i'  iicoK'ct  hi.s  oj»]t'.i'- 
tiinitit's.  and  on  March  .'M,  \'^1^\  at'tci"  u  two  years'  struir^'le. 
he  linally  in-ociuvd  tliu  passaii'e  ot'  the  Act  I'or  the  Mackiiiai- 
National  Park.  His  ivo-anl  for  this  s|)ot  —his  hirthjdacc  and 
hoyhuod  hotne-le(l  him  to  advocate  his  park  l»ill  at  all  tiiiie> 
and  places,  until  his  t'ellu\v-niend)ers  diihixMl  it  "•  Ferry's 
Park."' 


The  t'ollowini^'  are  the  approved  Rides  and  Ilei;idatioiis  fwi 
the  Park  at  Mackinac;: 

I.  Mackinac  l^irk  will  hy  under  the  iinnie(liato  control  and  Miaiia>!c 
ineut  of  the  e(iinniandin\^-oHiei'i' of  Fort  Maekinae,  who  is  ehariicd  with 
the  duty  of  preserving  ordei',  proteetin::'  the  i>ul)lie  pro|)erty  therein,  and 
eiiforeing  tliese  rules. 

II.  All  tenants  reniinu'  under  the  Aet  id'  Congres.s  pi'ovidinu  thei'id'oi- 
must  conform  to,  and   aliide  by,  such  rules  and  regulations  as  are  pre 
scribed  for  tlu;  care  of  the  jiark,  and  will  lie  held  i'e.>ponsible  for  a  eoni 
pliance  with  the  same  on  the  part  of  the  members  of  their  families,  their 
agents  and  employes. 

III.  The  sale  of  wines  and  mult  or  spirit'uous  licjuors  on  th(>  park, 
without  special  authority  from  the  comuiaridiug-otticer  of  F(»ri  Maekinai 
or  higher  military  authority,  is  prohibited, 

IV  No  person  shall  put  cattle,  swine.  Iiorses  or  other  animals  on  the 
jiavk,  except  as  follows: 

The  cows  belonging  to  the  residents  of  the  Island  of  Mackinac  ma>  ln' 
placed  in  a  herd,  under  the  care  of  a  herder,  and  be  permitted  to  graze  in 


NAII«».\.\I.    IV\|{K. 


!<•:{ 


such   |i;irU  nf  tlic  park  as  may  lir  .Ir^i^nnicil  |>y  tho  (.•oiumaiHliiii:- nilit  t.'i- 
<»l'  l-'nil  Mi'.ckiiiac. 

\'.     Haciiiu'  or  ridiiiir  and  di-iviiiu'  at  uii-at  speed  is  pntliiliited. 

VI.  N<»  person  shall  indukv  in  any  ilireateiiiiiii'.  aljusiv".',  insiiltini:  oi 
itidiTi'iit  ianguii.ue  in  I  lie  park. 

\'1I.      No  pci'sdii  »hall  eonnnit  any  oli-^cene  or  indecent  acl  in  tlic  jiark 

\'III.  No  t"ray>,  i|iiarrt'I-^,  nr  di -orders  of  any  kiinl  will  !)<■  perniiii'd 
in  the  park. 

IX.  No  person  shall  carry  or  dischar;i'e  lire  arms  in  the  park. 

X.  No  jxTson  sjiali  injui-e  or  (hd'ac(!  the  tn-es,  shriihs,  turl',  nalural 
cairiosities,  or  any  of  tlie  Imildinifs,  fences,  l)rld.!j;es  or  other  structures 
within  tlic  park. 

XI.  No  |trrson   sliall  injure,  deface  or  destroy  any  notices,  ruh's  or 
reiiulations  tor  tlu!  novernmeiit  of  tjie  park,  postetl,  oi'  in  any  other  man 
nri  permanent]}' ti.\ed,  l»y  order  or  permission  of  the  autliorities  of  the 
park. 

XII.  No  i)erson  shall  wantoidy  destroy  any  irame  or  fish  witinn  tiie 
park,  nor  (uipture  nor  destroy  the  s.ime  for  any  purposes  of  use  or  prolit. 

XIII.  Any  jierson  who  sliall  violate  any  of  these  liuley  and  Kegida- 
tions  sliall  be  ejected  fi'oin  tlu;  piU'k  l)y  military  authority,  and  m  case 
tlu!  person  so  oU'endini''  shall  have  committed  any  otl'ence  in  vinlaiion  of 
any  of  the  statutes  of  the  United  Slates,  f)r  of  tlu;  State  of  Micirman, 
the  oifender  shall  be  jiroceeded  aL:ainst  Ix'foro  the  United  States  or  State 
courts,  according  to  the  law.;  providing  for  the  same. 

XIV.  The  commanding-otHcer  of  Fort  Mackinac  may,  at  any  lime, 
add  to  or  modify  the.sc  Rules,  sid)iecl  to  tlu^  apjtroval  of  the  Secretary  of 
\Var. 


Wlieii  tlie  Park  was  snrvey(3(l,  lots  were  set  ajiart  for  biiild- 
iiiii;  purposes  in  the  followiiiii;  places:  on  tlie  hltitl'  near 
•*  Itobertson's  Folly;"  on  the  hhift"  on  the  northwest  side  (»t 
the  island,  and  on  the  hhiti'  e.xtendino-  from  the  old  Indian 
h\u'yino--o:round  aioni:'  hy  "  Pontiac's  Lookout." 


LEGEND  OF  ""ARCH  ROCK." 


After  the  Gitclie  Maiiituii  liad  called  into  exi>t(Mice  tlie 
Ijeaiitiful  Island  of  Mackinac  and  given  it  into  the  care  of 
tlie  kindred  spirits  of  earth,  air  and  water,  and  hau  told 
rliem  it  was  only  to  he  the  ahode  of  i)eace  and  qniet,  ii  wa;^ 
so  pleasant  in  liis  own  eyes  that  he  thonglit,  "Here  wi^l  I 
also  eonie  to  dwell,  this  sliall  be  ntv  ahode  and  my  children 
may  come  and  wursliip  me  here.  Here  in  the  deptlis  of  tlie 
l)'.'antiful  forest  they  shall  come." 

Then  calling  his  messengers,  he  bade  them  fly  to  all  lands- 
f  heat  'wid  noise  and  troublons  hisects,  and  tell  the  sult'ering 
lies  of  every  race  and  clime  that  in  these  northern  waters 
as  a  place  prepared  where  they  could  come  and  rest,  leaving 
all  care  behind. 

In  the  straits  of  Mackinac, 
In  the  clear  pellucid  \v.i''e, 
ISittiug' like  an  emerald  gem, 
Is  the  rock-ujirt  Fairv  Isle. 

Round  its  hold  and  cra<j^i>:y  shore 
Sweep  the  billows  far  and  wide, 
With  a  gentle  sinuous  swell, 
And  the  moan  of  distant  seas. 

Blue  its  waters,  blue  the  sky. 
Soft  the  west  wind  from  afar 
3Ioving  o'er  the  scented  grass, 
And  the  many  myriad  flowers. 

The  cool  invigorating  breezes  shall  bring  health  and  elasti- 
city to   the  weak  and  weary.      Here  disease  shall  not  dan.^ 

105 


lU() 


ANNALS    OF    I-OKT    MAC  KIN  AC, 


m 


invade  tlie  pleasant  glens  or  beautiful  hilltops.    Here  let  them 
come  and  receive  my  blessing. 

'*  \e  shill  also  tell  the  stranger  friends,  who  may  come  tu 
seek  me,  that  my  royal  landing  is  on  the  eastern  shore;  tlieie 
shall  tliey  draw  up  the  canoes  upon  the  })el)l)ly  beach  under 
the  shadow  of  the  Arcukd  (iATKWAV.  ITiider  the  Aiicii 
which  thev  can  see  from  afar,  let  them  come  with  som>-s  uf 
rejoiclnu' — neither  niii'ht  or  day  shall  it  be  closed  to  anv  (Hie 
who  may  seek  me.  Let  them  land  befoi-e  it  and  })ass  througli 
it  and  ascend  to  my  dwelling,  and  worship  before  me. 

AVlien  the  great  spirit  nnide  known  his  wif-ii  to  dwell  with 
men,  all  nature  seemed  to  rejoice  and  to  make  preparation^ 
for  his  al)ode. 

The  tallest  trees  claimed  the  privilege  of  bei?ig  the  pole> 
of  his  wigwam,  ami  sweet  balsam  tirs  laid  themselves  at  his 
feet  for  use. 

The  l)irch  trees  unsheathed  themselves  and  sent  their  bai'k 
in  all  its  soft  creamy  whiteness  to  form  the  outside  covering. 

The  trees  of  the  fVu'est  all  vied  with  each  other  in  seeking 
a  place  in  the  future  home  of  the  (i-itche  Manitou. 

Scarcely  had  the  poles  litted  themselves  into  their  places, 
and  the  birch  bark  unrolled  itself  and  arranged  its  clinging 
sheets  in  orderly  rows  upon  the  outside,  when  the  noise  of 
<listant  paddles  was  heard  from  the  hiKe— swiftly  and  j.aily 
they  drew  near,  guided  by  the  spirits  of  earth,  air  and  water. 
Is' ever  had  such  a  sight  been  witnessed  on  this  earth. 

The  C-ritche  Manitou,  went  to  meet  them,  and  stood  upon 
the  AK<'n  and  upheld  his  hands  in  blessing. 

As  his  children  unloaded  their  olferings  of  beaver,  whitc- 
i)ear  and  other  skitis,  they  marched  in  procession  up  to  the 
"•at<  \'av  and  fell  upon  their  knees  and  offered  their  tliank> 
to  the  great  spirit  for  the  happy  ])rivilege  of  contributing  t 
the  comforts  of  his  earthly  home. 


o 


w 


LEGEND    ')F    "ARCH    HoCK. 


i« 


ic; 


"  Yes,  my  cliildron  doar,  my  loved  ones, 
I  am  lierc  in  joy  and  irladticss. 
Ik'Ti'  to  live  ill  peace  amoiio-  you. 
I  have  come  to  teaeli  you  wis<i()iu 
In  the  arts  of  love  and  livinn'. 
I  accei)t  your  native  otferiiiLTs, 
'J'hese  white  bear,  and  fox  skins  silvery, 
Shall  a  couch  of  warmth  antl  comfort' 
Make  for  me  when  around  my  fire, 
I  am  restincr  froni  my  labors/ 
Of  the  beaver  skins  and  otters 
They  shall  line  the  wio'wam  smoothly, 
So  Ka-bi-bo-nok-ka,  th'  north  wind,' 
Ne'er  shall  peep  or  whistle  thro'  them. 
P]nter  in  my  gateway  proudly, 
And  ascend  my  staircase  slowly, 
And  see  the  home  of  the  (Ireat' Spirit, 
Where  he  dwells  amoni»:  his  children." 


'•I 


They  did  as  he  eoniuianded,  and  when  they  were  about  to 
return  he  thus  addressed  them: 


(( 


Now,  my  children,  as  you  leave  m?. 
Forth  to  go  upon  your  joiirneyings. 
Tell  to  all  who  know  and  love  me. 
That  whenever  a  chieftain 
Wooes  and  weds  a  dark-eyed  maiden, 
He  shall  bring  her  here  before  me, 
(4ay  with  garlands,  sweet  with  roses. 
^Vith  the  sound  of  music  fleeting 
Fai'  an<l  near  from  every  islet 
That  lies  sleeping  in  these  waters, 
In  these  glittering,  dark  green  waters. 
Sweetest  strains  of  music  blending 
Shall  salute  them,  as  the  billows 
Of  the  mighty  lake  of  wondeis 
]>earsthem  onward  to  the  ]>ortals, 
AVhere  my  blessing  will  await  them. 
And  as  long  as  they  thus  serve  me 
I  will  dwell  upon  this  island, 
Henceforth  blessing  youth  and  maiden 
Joined  in  closest  bonds  of  wedlock. 


ms 


LEGEND    OF    "  AKCII    K(i(  !</' 


J>ut,  if  in  the  coming  seasons, 
^^(•nie  f(tul  S})irit  roams  ain.)ng  you, 
And  destroys  my  loving  chiklri'ii, 
This  fair  home  that  I  liave  built 
Shall  become  a  rocky  fastness, 
AVhere  they  all  may  Hy  for  shelter 
And  be  safe  in  my  protect'on." 

]Manv,  iiianv  years  have  i^assed.  Tlio  wio-wam  ot  the 
(Treat  lS])irit  has  l)eon  transnnitiMJ  into  stone,  and  is  ikiw 
known  as  the  Pykamid. 

Tlie  x\kchei)  (tatewav  can  still  1)0  seen  as  in  ancient  time.-. 
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[109] 


LEGEND  OF  M4CKINAC  ISLAND. 


TiTERE  once  lived  an  Indian  in  tlio  north,  ^vho  liad  ton 
<lauo-hters,  all  of  whom  grow  np  to  wonianhood.     They  wore 
noted  for  their  beanty,  but  espeoially  Owoenee,  the  vonn-est' 
who  was  very  independent  in  hor  way  of  thinkino-.    "she 
was  a  o-reat  admirer  of  romantic  places,  and  paid  viTry  little 
attention   to  the    nnmei-ons  youno'  men   who  came  to  her 
father's  lod^i^e  for  the  purpose  of  seein<r  her.     Tier  eldei-  sis- 
tors  were  all  solicited  in  marriage  from  their  parents,  and  one 
after  another  went  off  to  dwell  in  the  lodges  of  their  husbands, 
hut  she  would  listen  to  no  proposals  of  the  kind.    At  last  she 
married  an  old  man  called  Osseo,who  was  scarcelv  able  to  walk 
yid  too  poor  to  have  things  like  others.      Thev  jeered  and 
Jangliod  at  her  on  all  sides,  but  she  seemed  to  be  quite  happy, 
and  said  to  them,  "  It  is  my  choice,  and  you  will  see  in  the  end 
who  has  acted  the  wisest."     Soon  after,  the  sisters  and  their 
husbands  and  their  parents  were  all   invited  to  a  feast,  and 
as  they  walked  along  the  path,  they  could  lujt  help  ])itying 
their  young  and  handsome  sister,  wiio  had  such  an  unsuitable 
mate.     Osseo  often  stopped    and  gazed   upwaj-d,    but   thev 
could  perceive  nothing  in  the  dii'oetion  he  looked,  unless  it 
was  the  faint  glimmering  of  the  evening  star.     They  hearu 
him  muttering  to  himself  as  they  went  along,  and  one  of  the 
elder  sisters  caught  the  words,  '^Sho-wain-ne-me-shin  nosa."* 
"Poor  old  man,"  said  she,  ''he  is  talking  to  his  father,  what 
a  pity  it  is  that  he  would  not  fall  and  break  in's  neck,  that 
our  sister  might  have  a  handsome  young  husband."     Pres- 

.  •.  *Pity  me,  my  futlier. 

[nil 


112 


ANNALS    OF    FOIIT    MACKINAC 


iMitlv  tliey  piifised  a  liirii:e  liollow  loi:;,  lyinii-  with  out!  cud  t.i 
ward  the  ]):itli.  Tlic  iiutinent  ( )sst'o,  avIk*  was  of  tlie  turtle 
totem,  ('aine  to  it,  he  stop]  km  I  sliort.  uttercKl  a  loud  and 
pL'culiar  yell,  and  then  dasliiinj;  into  one  end  of  the  loi»;,  he 
came  out  at  the  other,  a  must  Ix^iutiful  young  man,  and 
sprinyiuij::  hack  to  the  road,  he  led  ott'  the  party  with  steps 
as  liirht  as  the  reindeer.  Bnt  on  turnino-  round  to  look  for 
his  wife,  hehold,  s'ue  had  been  changed  into  an  old,  decrepit 
woman,  who  was  bent  almost  double,  and  walked  with  a 
cane.  The  husband,  however,  treated  her  very  kindly,  as 
she  had  done  him  during  the  time  of  his  enchantment,  and 
constantly  addressed  her  by  the  term  of  ne-ne-moosh-a,  (»r 
my  sweet-heart. 

When  they  came  to  the  hunter's  lodge  with  wdioni  they 
were  to  feast,  they  found  the  feast  ready  prepared,  and  as 
soon  as  tl^eir  entertainer  had  tinished  his  harangre  (in  which 
he  told  them  his  feasting  was  in  honor  of  the  Evening  oi- 
Woman's  Star),  they  began  to  partake  of  the  portion  dealt 
out,  according  to  age  and  character,  to  each  one.  The  food 
w'as  very  delicious,  and  they  were  all  liappy  but  Osseo,  who 
looked  at  his  wife  and  then  gazed  upward,  as  if  lie  was 
looking  into  the  substance  of  the  sky.  Sounds  were  soon 
lieard,  as  if  from  far-off  voices  in  the  air,  and  tliey  became 
plainer  and  plainer,  till  he  could  clearly  distinguish  some  of 
the  words." 

"My  son — my  son,"  said  the  voice,  "I  have  seen  your 
afflictions  and  pity  your  wants.  I  come  to  call  you  away 
from  a  scene  that  is  stained  with  blood  and  tears.  The 
eai'th  is  full  of  sorrows.  Giants  and  sorcerers,  the  enemies 
of  mankind,  Avalk  abroad  in  it,  and  are  scattered  through- 
out its  length.  Every  night  they  are  lifting  their  voices  to 
the  Power  of  Evil,  and  every  day  they  make  themselves 
busy  in  casting  evil  in  the  hunter's  path.  You  have  long 
hcan  their  victim,  but  shall  be  their  victim  no  more.     The 


LK{iKNI)    OF    MACKINAC    ISLAND. 


li;i 


spell  you  were  under  is  broken.  V.^nr  evil  crenins  is  over- 
come. I  have  cast  him  down  by  my  superior  streniith,  and 
this  strength  I  now  exert  for  your  happint'ss.  Ascend, 
;iiy  sun — ascend  into  the  skies,  and  partake  of  the  feast  i 
have  prei)ared  for  yuu  in  the  stars,  and  bring  with  yon  thosi; 
you  love. 

"Tlie  food  set  before  you  is  enchanted  and  blessed. 
Fear  not  to  partake  'f  it.  It  is  endowed  with  inagic  i)o\v('r 
to  give  inunortality  to  mortals,  and  to  cliange  nu-n  to 
spirits.  Your  bowls  and  kettles  shall  bi;  no  longer  wood 
and  earth.  The  one  shall  become  silver,  and  the  other 
wampum.  They  shall  shine  like  tire,  and  glisten  like  rhc; 
most  beautiful  scarlet.  Every  female  shall  also  change  her 
state  and  looks,  and  no  longer  be  doomed  to  laboi'ious 
tasks.  She  shall  put  on  the  beauty  of  the  starlight,  and 
become  a  shining  bird  of  the  air,  clothed  with  shining 
feathers.  She  shall  dance  and  not  work — she  shall  sing 
and  not  cry." 

"My  beams,"  continued  the  voice,  "shine  faintly  on  your 
lodge,  but  they  have  power  to  transform  it  into  the  light- 
ness of  the  skies,  and  decorate  it  with  the  c^ihji's  of  il:e 
clouds.  Come,  Osseo,  my  son,  and  dwell  no  longer  on 
earth.  Think  strongly  on  my  words,  and  look  steadfastly  at 
my  beams.  My  power  is  now  at  its  height.  Doubt  not — 
delay  not.  It  is  the  voice  of  the  Spirit  of  the  stars  that 
calls  you  away  to  happiness  and  celestial  rest." 

The  words  were  intelligible  to  Osseo,  but  his  companions 
thought  them  some  far-off  sounds  of  music,  or  birds  singing 
in  the  woods.  Very  soon  the  lodge  began  to  shake  and 
tremlde,  and  they  felt  it  rising  into  the  air.  It  was  too  late 
to  run  out,  they  were  already  as  high  as  the  tops  of  the 
troes.  Osseo  looked  around  as  the  lodge  passed  through 
the  topmost  boughs,  and  behold !  their  wooden  dishes  were 
changed  into  shells  of  a  scarlet  color,  the  poles  of  the  lodge 


114 


ANNAI.S    (tK    KOKT    MA('K1NA(" 


lo  i,Hitteriiiii'  \vii\'s  of  silver,  and  tlic  I);irk  tliiit  covortMl  tliciii 
into  the.  ii'orii'eous  wiiiirs  of  iiisuots.  A  iiioiiu,'iit  iii(»r(\  mil 
his  hrotlieivs  and  sistors,  and  tluMi-  parents  and  fi'iunds,  wito 
transfoi'ined  into  l»irds  of  varions  |)lnniai;'i'.  Some  wci't' 
jays,  some  |)artridi;'(.'s  and  piii'eons,  and  others  iijay  siriiiiiiii; 
birds,  who  hopped  al>out,  disphiyini^  their  jL?litterini^  feathers, 
antl  si!iii;ini;-  tiieir  sonn-.  Iiiit  Oweenee  still  kept  her  earthly 
garh,  aJid  exhibited  all  the  indieations  of  extreme  age.  lie 
aifain  cast  his  eyes  in  the  direction  of  the  clouds,  and 
uttered  thiit  peculiar  yell,  which  had  given  him  the  victory 
at  the  hollow  h»g.  In  a  moment  the  youth  and  beauty  of 
his  wife  returned;  her  dingy  garments  assumed  the  shining 
api^earance  of  green  silk,  and  her  cane  was  changed  into  :i 
silver  feather.  The  lodge  again  shook  and  trembled,  for 
they  were  now  ])assing  through  the  upp!3rmost  clouds,  and 
thev  immediately  after  found  themselves  in  the  Evening: 
Star,  the  residence  of  Osseo's  father. 

"  My  son,"  said  the  old  man,  "  hang  that  cage  of  birds, 
which  you  have  brought  along  in  your  hand,  at  the  door, 
and  I  will  inform  vou  why  vou  and  your  wife  have  been 
sent  for."  Osseo  obeyed  the  directions;  and  then  took  his 
seat  in  the  lodge.  '' Pity  was  shown  to  you,"  resumed  the 
king  of  the  star,  "on  account  of  the  contempt  of  your 
wife's  sisters,  who  laughed  at  her  ill  fortune,  and  ridiculed 
you  while  you  were  under  the  power  of  that  wicked  spirit, 
whom  you  overcame  at  the  log.  That  spirit  lives  in  the 
next  lodge,  being  a  small  star  you  see  on  the  left  of  mine. 
a!id  he  has  always  felt  envious  of  my  family,  because  we 
had  greater  power  than  he  had,  and  especially  on  account 
of  our  having  had  the  care  committed  to  us  of  the  female 
world.  lie  failed  in  several  attempcs  to  destroy  your 
brothers-in-law  and  sisters-in-law,  but  succeeded  at  last  in 
transforming  yourself  and  your  wife  into  decrepit  old  pei'- 
soiisj.     You  must  be  careful  and  not  let  the  litrlit  of   his 


LEGEND    OF    MA(  KI.\.\(      ISLAND. 


li:. 


heams  fall  on  you  wliilc  y<m  are  hurc,  for  tluMvin  is  tlio 
power  of  liis  ciiehaiitiueiit;  a  ray  of  lii^ht  is  tlio  ijow  and 
arrow  he  uneH." 

Dsseo  lived  happy  and  eontcntAid  in  the  parental  ludi^^e, 
and  in  due  time  his  wife  presented  liini  witli  ;i  son,  who 
<;revv  u[>  rapidly,  and  was  tin-  iiiiaijje  of  his  father.  He  wuh 
verv  (piick  and  ready  in  learninjjj  overythinn*  that  was  done 
ill  his  grandfather's  dominions,  hut  he  wished  also  to  h*arn 
the  art  of  huntini;-,  fur  lie  had  heard  this  was  a  favoi'ite 
l)ursuit  below.  To  gratify  him,  his  father  made  him  a  bow 
and  arrows,  and  he  then  let  the  birds  out  of  the  cage  that 
he  might  practise  in  shooting,  lie  soon  became  an  expert, 
and  the  very  tirst  {Uy  brought  <lown  a  bird,  but  when  he 
went  to  ])iek  it  up,  to  his  amazement,  it  was  a  beautiful 
young  woman  with  the  arrow  sticking  in  her  breast.  It 
was  one  of  his  aunts.  The  moment  her  blood  fell  uj)on 
the  surface  of  that  pure  and  spotless  planet,  the  charm  was 
dissolved.  The  boy  immediately  found  himself  sinking,  but 
was  partly  upheld,  by  something  like  wings,  till  he  passed 
through  the  lower  clouds,  and  he  then  suddenly  dropped 
upon  a  high,  romantic  island.  ILe  was  pleased  on  look- 
ing dp  to  see  all  his  aunts  and  uncles  following  him  in 
the  form  of  birds,  and  he  soon  discovered  the  silver  lodge, 
with  his  father  and  mother,  descending  with  its  waving 
barks  looking  like  so  many  insects'  gilded  wings.  It  rested 
on  the  highest  cliffs  of  the  island,  and  here  they  fixed  their 
residence.  Tiiey  all  resumed  their  natural  shapes^  but  were 
diminished  to  the  size  oi  fairies;  as  a  mark  of  homage  to 
the  K'na;  of  the  Evening  Star,  they  never  fail,  on  every 
pleasant  evening  during  the  summer  season,  to  join  hands 
;ind  dance  upon  the  top  of  the  rocks.  These  rocks  were 
(piickly  observed  by  the  Iiulians  to  be  covered,  in  moonlight 
evenings,  with  a  larger  sort  of  Puk  Wudj  Ininees,  or  little 
men,    and    were   called    Mlsh-'m-e-Qfwk-ln-ok-on<j,    or    turtle 


1U> 


ANN.\r,S    OF    KoliT    MACKINA-O. 


sph'Hs,  wIkmicc  the  islaiul  derives  is  iimuip.  Tlicir  pliiiiiii^ 
loduje  can  ho  seen  in  tlui  suimmT  ovciiiiiirs  wlieu  the  iikkhi 
sliines  stronirly  on  t\\v.  jiiniiiielcs  of  \\w,  rock'H,  and  those  wlxt 
ffo  near  tliose  In'ijli  eh'll's  at  night  eau  hear  the  voices  of  the 
happy  little  dancers. 


ANCIENT  NAMES  OF  RIVERS,  LAKES,  ETC. 


TmI'p  Ontdvm. — (.Miamphiin  called  it  *'  Lite  Sf.  Lmils  ;"' 
Count  tic  Ki'ontcMUic,  in  1074,  cuIIimI  it  "  Oiitmio  :  "  mi  S;iii- 
soiTs  map,  lf)7J>,  it  a))pGar8  '"'Ontario  ou  Ln<-  (U  S,i.  Louis ;'" 
it  iiad  also  the  name  '''' Frontenac ; ""  lii'iincpiii  oallud  it 
''^Ontario  or  Frontenac ;''  Tonti  and  Fatlicr  Mciiihre  call  it 
^^  Lake  L^ronienac ;^''  on  Do  L'Isle's  maps,  17»)<>  and  17<>;3,  it 
appears  as  "  Lao  Ontario^ 

Lake  Erie. — This  name,  says  Mr.  Baldwin,  was  dcM'ivcd 
from  the  tribe  of  Erics,  on  the  south  shore;  the  same  tfilu- 
was  also  called  the  Cat  nation.  Ilcnnepiti  called  it  '•  A/vV,"' 
also  ''''Coiity;  "  and  Sanson's  map,  1079,  g'ives  it  "  Erie  Lac  ; "' 
Memhre  called  it  "<5?d  Conty;''''  De  L'Isle's  maps  g'ive  it 
*'  Lac  Erier 

L^ake  LLuron.  —  Chamjilain  called  it  ^^  AL'r  Douce;'''' 
Father  JMemhre,  as  well  as  Hennepin,  called  it  "  Lake 
Orleans;''^  De  L'Isle  maps,  1703  and  171S,  i^nve  it  ''Lac 
llaron  ou  Mivliiijane ;''''  on  his  ma])  of  17U0,  it  appears  as 
"  L.  des  Huroiis.'^^ 

Lake  Superior. — Marquette's  map  irives  it  "  Lac  Superieur 
ou  de  Tracy  1^''  Hennepin  called  it  ''Lake  Cunde ;^^  on  De 
L'Isle's  maps  it  is  '^  Lac  Superieur  ;'^  Senex's  map,  1719, 
and  Coxe's  of  1721,  call  it  "  Nadouessiam.''^ 

Lake  Michigan. — Marquette,  Dablon,  and  LaSalle,  called 
it  the  lake  of  the  ^'Ilinois;^^  Claude  AUouez,  in  l<)7r.. 
reached  this  lake  on  the  eve  of  St.  Joseph ;  he  said  "  we 
give  it  the  name  of  that  great  Saint,  and  shall  henceforth 

[117] 


1J6 


ANNALS    OF    FORT    MACKINAC. 


call  it  '^ Lal'e  St.  Joseph;''^  Allonez  was  the  first  to  trive 
it  the  name  of  "Lal'e  Maehlhujammj;  "  LaSalle  and  FatliLM- 
Menibre  call  it  ''Lake  Dauphin  ;^^  St.  Cosnie  called  it 
''Miesitgan.^''  and  also  '' J/v\v,y/r/tm/ "  Marest  was  one  of  the 
tirst  to  call  it   Lake  Miehujan. 

XoTE. — The  name  as  spelled  by  Allouez  comes  nearest  the 
Indian  pronounciation.  which  is  Mashiiganing  or  Mishil- 
ganing^  the  double  /  being  pronounced  e-e. 

The  term  signities  "a  clearing,"  and  was  lirst  applied  to 
the  noi'th-western  shores  of  Lower  Michigan  where  there 
were  large  ancient  clearinii:s. 

Lake  St.  Clair. — Hennepin  wrote  it  ^^ St.  Clare  ^^"^  on  the 
map  of  De  L'Isle,  of  1700,  it  is  ''L.  de  Ste.  ClaAre  f^  on  his 
maps  of  1703  and  171S,  it  appears  "Z^r'  Ganatchio  ou  Ste. 
Claire.^^  Shea  says  "it  received  its  name  in  honor  of  the 
founder  of  the  Franciscan  nuns,  from  the  fact  that  LaSalle 
reached  it  on  the  dav  consecrated  to  her." 

Mississippi  Bluer. — One  or  more  of  the  outlets  of  this 
river  was  disccvered  in  the  year  1519,  by  the  Spanish  officer, 
Do7i  Alonzo  Alvarez  Pineda^  he  named  the  river  "A\'o 
del  Espiritu  SantoP  De  Soto  named  it  ^''El  Rio  Grande 
del  Florida^  Marquette,  on  his  map.  gave  it  the  name 
'''' de   la    Conception ;''''    he   also    used   the    name   3Iissij>i. 

LaSalle,  Membre,  Hennepin,  and  Douay  called  it  thn  ^'Col- 
bert ;^^  Joutel  snid  the  Indians  called  it  ^'^  Meechassippi  ;'^ 
hut  he  called  it  the  ''■Colbert  or  Mississippi;''''  on  De  L'Isle's 
map  it  is  ''Mississippi'''  and  "S.  LouisC  Allouez  tirst  speaks 
of  it  as  "Messipi'''  and  again  as  the  '' Messi-sipi  f  St.  Cosnie 
calls  it  "M'lcissipiP 

Note. — The  name  of  the  river,  in  the  principal  Algonquin 
dialects,  is  " M'lshis'ihi^''  (pronounced  Me-she-sed)e)  meaning 
"  large  river." 

The  translation  "Father  of  Waters"  is  a  poetical  license. 


ANCIExNT   NAMES    OF    KIVEKS,    LAKi:s,    ETC. 


11  If 


J/moun-  Blver.—Maniuiitte  called  it  the  ^^Pd-itunoni '^ 
nieannio-  muddy  waicr;  the  Ueeollects  called  it  -the  Hhe,^ 
of  Ozagesr  Membre  called  it  the  -OBo^fer  on  De  L'isle's 
maps,  1703,  1718,  it  i.  -^.  MU.ouri  mc  de  A\  Pekitanonir 
Coxe  called  it  "  Yellow  Rivera  or  -Rloer  of  the  Jfam>ntes.- 

Ohio  A^a-^/'.-Marquette  called  the  lower  Ohio  -Onahm,,. 
k<gour  Joutel  called  it  -Douo  or  Ahachar  ti'om  the  .liMurli 
ot  the  Ohio  to  tlie  AVabash  and  up  that  stream  was  known 
;is  the  '^Ouahache;'  so  it  was  called  by  Menil.re,  St.  Cosnie 
and  Lallontan.  Above  the  AVabash,  the  Ohio  was  more 
particularly  known  as  -Ohio  on  Bd/r  Hn:le,er  the  river 
IS  so  called  on  De  Llsle's  maj..  1703.  Evans,  in  1755,  calls 
It  "  Ohio  or  Alleghany  or  La  l>elie.'' 


Ill 


hiois  AV?;tv\— Marquette  speaks  of  it,  I 


)ut  .ij^ave  it  no 


appears 


'/i 


iiowre  ( 


les  II 


inime;  on  Franquelin's  map  it 

on  Macoplusf    LaSalle  called  it'  the    ''SeUjRlalf'    Fatl 

Hennepin  and  Membre  the  ''Seh/ndajj;''  I) 


inois 


lers 


ablon  not  only 


pplied   to  one   of   the   upper   branches  of   the   Illinois  (tl 
!)esplaines)  the  name  -St.  Lo 


the  Illinois  itself;  Coxe  called  it  the  '*Ch 
ap,  1718,  o-ives  it  -  Ria.  dcs  lUnoisy 


ui's,'^  but  to  the  continuat 


(the 
ion. 


n\ 


icagou;''  DeL'Isle' 


-Des  PlaineH  Ri 


tl 


;iines   the   ''Divine  Rh'er 

lame.     La  Salle  afterward,  how 


t'6/'.— LaSalle,  in   1080,  called  the  1) 


es- 


Membre  and  Charl 


evoix  did 


le 


('< 


UJOU 


I") 


Dal 


ever,  called  it  the  -Ch 


ue 


)lon    called    it    ''St.   LouU    Rirc;'  includino- 


perhaps,   the  continuation,  the   Illinois:    1 


1084,  gives   it   -Prifnf/hlchia.''     Tl 


ranquelin's   ma]), 


called    the    ''Chicago a;''    see   De    Lisle 
D'Anville's,  1755. 


le   river  was  fre(piePtly 


s   map,   1718,   aiid 


Chlc(((jo,    and    River.  —  Mar 


River;''    LaSalle    applies    the    name    "  Ch 


qiiette    called    it    "Portage 


local 


ecago''    to    this 


ity,    but    his    Checago    River    was   generally  the    D 


'es- 


120 


ANNALS    OF    FORT    MACKINAC. 


flames',  Franqnelin's  map,  1684,  gives  to  tliis  locality  or 
river  tlie  name  of  '"'' Cheagoume'uian^^''  and  to  another  stre;mi 
"7i*.  Che'kagoiif  Tonty,  in  1685,  says  that  lie  arrived  at  the 
''''Fort  of  Cliecagou^  St.  Cosme  calls  it  "  Cliikagou^''  '•''(Jhl- 
cagu^"^  '''-Chicaqw^''  and  also  "  ChicagSP  Lallontan,  1703, 
has  it  "  ChegakouP  Senex,  1710,  gives  it  '''"Cliecagou.f  De 
L'Isle's  maps  have  it  "  Checagou^''  also  "  Chicagou  f  Moil, 
1720,  gives  it  "  Chekakou; "  Charlevoix,  "  ChieagouP 
Col.  De  Peyster  speaks  of  it  as  ^''EsokeGagou^'''  and  again 
as  ^'EsGhicagou^  a  river  and  Fort  at  the  head  of  Lake 
Michigan.''  Popple's  atlas,  1733,  has  it  ''''Fort  Miamis 
ou  Ouamisf  Mitchell,  1755,  "^.  and  Port  Chicagou,^'*  and 
Sayer  &  Bennett's  map,  1707,  says  ''''Point  CMoago  RiverP 

Sandusky  Bay. — On  De  L'Isle's  map,  1718,  it  appo.irs 
**Z<zc  San-dou-shey 

Saginaw  Bay. — On  De  L'Isle's  maps,  1703  and  1718,  it 
appears  ^''Baye  de  Sagidna^''  and  ^"Baye  Saguinamf  Coxe 
called  it  the  ''''Sakinam,.''^ 

Note. — '''' Osaginang^''  or  '''' Osakinang^''  is  the  Indian 
name,  derived  from  "  Osagi^''  or  "  Osaki.^'' 

The  Sacs  lived  on  the  Saginaw  and  Titibewssse  before 
removing  to  Wisconsin. 

Pattersows  Point. — A  rocky  point  of  land  on  the  north 
shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  some  sixty  miles  from  Mackinac,  is 
80-called,  from  the  fact  that  Mr.  Charles  Patterson,  one  of 
the  principal  members  of  the  Northwest  Fur  Company,  with 
all  his  crew,  was  there  drowned  about  the  year  1788. 

Marquette  River. — On  De  L'Isle's  map,  1703,  it  is  "  E. 
Marqiiet  I '''^  Charlevoix  called  it  ^^  River  Marquette^''''  or 
*'  River  of  the  Black  Robe.'''' 

Isle  Royd,  Lake  Superior. — On  De  L'Isle's  maps,  1700 
iind  1703,  it  appears  "  I.  Monong  ',  "  Coxe  calls  it  ''''Minowf^ 

Note. — ^''  Minong''''  is  the  Indian  name. 


ANCIENT    NAMES    OF    KIVEK.S,    LAKKS,    E'lC. 


J2I 


MichilwiackinaG.—lhiYi^uQit^  called  it  '' Mu-hiUmaU- 
nong;''  Hennepin  and  Menihre  speak  of  it  as  ^^  Missili- 
makmak;  "  Jontel  called  it  "  Mhillyiaqiihay  ;  "  De  L'Isle's 
map,  1703,  calls  it  ^' Isle  et  IlahUatlon  de  Mk^Ulmahhmc:' 

NoTE.-Marquette  came  nearest  the  Indian  pronunciation 
o±  the  word,  which  is  ''  MisMnimakinamjr 

The  change  of  "7."  into  -I-  by  the  French,  is  frequent 
in  Indian  names. 

Green  ^o^^/-— Marquette  called  it  "  Bay  of  the  Fetid  •  " 
Hennepin  and  Membre  did  the  same.  Marquette  says  the 
Induins  called  it  ^^ Salt  Bay;  "  St.  Cosme  called  it  "  Bay  of 
Puants;-  on  De  L'Isle's  maps,  17uO  and  1718,  it  appear'^ 
as  "  Baye  des  Puans'' 

Milwaukee  /^iv^T-.— Membre  calls  it  "  Melleoki  • "  St 
Cosme  termed  it  "  Melwarik  ;  "  on  De  L'Isle's  map,  of  1718* 
It  is  called  "  Mellekir  ' 

]S[oTE.— "  Minewag  "  is  the  Indian  name. 

Fox  River  of  ///mr>/^.— Joutel,  on  his  map,  gives  it  "Pd- 
tescouy;^^  St.  Cosme  calls  it  ''Pistrui;^^  Charlevoix  calls  it 
••  Phtkoui.'''' 

Wisconsin  lUmr.—Y'AiXiQY  Marquette  called  it  the  "  Mes- 
mnslng;''  Hennepin  quotes  the  Indians  as  calling  it  the 
-OusGonsin  "  or  ''MiseonsinP  Membre  called  it  the  ^^Mes- 
concimj  ;  "  St.  Cosme,  the  "  WesconsinP 

XoTE. — The  Indian  name  is  ' 
the  nasal  sound  of  tlie  French 


Wishkusliig^^  the  "0"  havin 


on 


» 


122 


ANNALS    OF   FORT    MACKINAC. 


COLLECTORS  OF  CUSTOMS,  AT  MACKINAC. 


180l-(i 

David  Duncan, 

184^.-4!) 

18U(i-10 

Geoikie  Hoffman. 

184U--1;} 

1810 

Hauuis  11.  Hickman. 

185;]-55 

1810-15 

Samuel  Audott. 

1855-01 

1815-10 

William  Gamble. 

1801-07 

181G-18 

John  I^jgeus. 

1807-71 

181 8-83 

Adam  D.  Stewaut. 

1871- 

18;J3-43 

AuKAiiAM  Wendell. 

Samuel  K.  Hakino. 
Charles  E.  Avehy. 
Alexander  Toll. 
Jacob  A.  T.  Wendell. 
John  W.  McMath. 
S.  Henry  Lasley. 
James  Lasley. 


mDIAN  AGENTS. 


Agents  for  Mackinac  and 

1810-24  Wm.  H.  Puthuff.  1801-05 

Is>24-3;3  George  Boyd.  1805-09 

18:13-41  Henry  R.  Schoolcraft.  1869 

1841-45  Robert  Stuart.  1809-71 

1845-49  Wm.  A.  Richmond.  1871 

1849-51  Chas  p.  Babcock.  1871-70 

1851-53  Rev  Wm.  Sprague.  1870-82 

1853-57  Henry  C.  Gilbert.  1883- 

1857-01  Andrew  M.  Fitch. 


Vicinity: 

D,  C.  Leach. 
Richard  M.  Smith. 
Wm.  H.  Brockway. 
James  W.  Long. 
Richard  M.  Smith. 
George  L  Betts. 
George  W.  Lee. 
Ed\vard  p.  Allen. 


MACKLXAC  COUNTY,  PROBATE  COURT  JUDGES. 


1823-25  William  H.  Puthuff. 

1M25-29  Jonathan  N   Bailey. 

1829-33  B.  Hoffman. 

1833-40  Michael  Dousman. 

1840-44  Bela  Chapman. 

1844-48  William  Johnson. 

1848-53  Bela  Chapman. 

l!^53-r)0  Jonathan  P.  King. 


1800-05  Bela  Chapman. 

18f!5  Alexander  Toll. 

1800-73  Bela  Chapman. 

1873-77  George  C.  Ketchum. 

1877-79  George  T.  Wendell. 

1879-81  Benoni  Lachance. 

1881-  Thomas  Chambers. 


VILLAGK    <>FFI(:j.;ks.' 


123 


MACKINAC  VILLA(JK,  PliESIDENTS. 


Wurdcm  or  Presidents  of  the  Borour/h  or 

incorporation  in 


1817-31 

1832 

182:3 

1834-35 

183() 

1837-30 

1881 

18  ,3-43 

1844 

1845 

1845 

1846 


i?- 


Wm.  H.  Puthufp. 
Geok(je  Boyd. 
Wm.  II.  PuTirUFF. 

Michael  Dousman. 
Jonathan  N.  Bailey. 
Samuel  Abbott. 
Edward  Biddle. 
Samuel  Abbott. 
Edward  Biddle. 
Samuel  Abbott. 
Abraham  AVexXdell. 
Bela  Chapman. 


1848 

1849 

18.j0 

18.)(i 

18G1 

1873 

1873 

1874 

1875- 

1877- 

1883 

1883- 


i-ao 


Village  of  Mackinac,  since  its 
1S17: 

Augustus  Todd. 

Bela  Chapman. 

Augustus  Todd. 

Jonathan  P.  Kino. 

John  B.  Couchois. 

John  Becker. 
Wm.  Madison. 
Dr.  John  R.  Bailey. 
Edwin  C.  Gasrfll. 
Wm.  p.  Preston. 
Horace  A.  N.  Todd, 
Wm.  P.  Preston. 


■76 

•81 


POSTMASTERS. 


%stmasters  at  Mackinac  since  the  establishment  of  the  Post  Office  in  1S19: 
The  Office  loas  known  as  Michiliniackinac  until  1825. 
1819-33    Adam  D.  Stewart. 


1823-35    John  W.  Mason. 
1835-39    Jonathan  N.  Bailey.* 
1829-49    Jonathan  P.  King. 
1S49-53    James  H.  Cook. 
1853-59    Jonathan  P.  King. 

*First  Postmaster  at  Chicago, 


1859-61  John  Biddle. 

18(il-6(»  James  Lasley. 

18(i(i-(57  John  Becker. 

18(57-77  James  Lasley. 

1877-80  George  C.  Letchum. 

1880-  James  Lasley. 


Appointed  March  31st,  18.SL 

The  first  post-„fflce  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic  was  established  by 
Gov.  Lovelace,  at  New  York,  in  1673. 

MACKINAC  COT^XTY,  CLERKS. 

Clerks  of  the  CounPjfrom  its  organization  in  ISIS: 
1818-31    Thomas  Lyon.  1855-58    John  Becker. 

1822-34    F.  Hinchm,vn.  1859-63    Wm.  M.  Johnston. 

1835-46    Jonathan  P.  King.  1864         Charles  O'Malley. 

1847-53    P.  C.  Kevan.  1865-       John  Biddle, 

1853-54    Wm.  M.  Johnston. 


THE  GIANT  FAIRIES. 


Long  years  hoforo  the  white  man  eaine  into  these  regions, 
many  fairies  lived  liere,  rollicking  fairies,  who  laughed  and 
danced  and  snng  their  lives  away. 

Every  tiower  and  bush  and  tree,  eviny  rock  and  hill  and 
glen,  was  thickly  peopled  with  these  canny  foJk,  and  on 
moonlight  nights  all  the  Indians  in  tlieir  wigwams  sat  in 
breathless  attention — 

Then  they  hear,  now  sweet  and  low, 

Sounds  as  of  a  distant  lyre, 

Toiiclied  by  fairy  hands  so  light 

That  the  trembling  tones  scarce  are  heard. 

What  the  music  none  can  tell, 
So  unearthly  and  so  pure, — 
.But  it  seems  as  if  the  notes 
Loosened  all  the  magic  sounds 
Held  within  tlie  tiidding  grass, — 
In  the  mosses  and  the  ferns, 
In  the  vines  which  climb  and  creep, 
In  the  tiowers  of  every  hue, — 
In  tlie  heavy-folded  rose, 
In  the  violets  at  its  feet, 
In  the  lily's  gentle  swing. 

Sweeping  o'er  the  lonely  streams, 
Through  the  sands  on  deserts  low. 
Through  the  snows  on  mountains  hio-h, 
Through  the  flowers  on  the  plains, 
Through  the  sylvan  shady  bowers, 
Through  the  forests  dark  and  hoar. 
Through  the  lofty  oaks  and  elms. 


126 


AN.VAuS    OK    KoliT    MACKINAO, 


Throiisj^h  tli(3  loaves  of  tulip  trees', 
Throui^h  catalpas,  white  with  I)h»(»ni, 
Through  magnolias  kingly  crowned, 
Through  the  poplars,  amber  sweet, 
Through  tlie  towering  cypressi's, 
l\'ii<Iant  with  the  gray  old  mosses, 
Patriarchs  of  the  lowlier  tribes. 
With  the  sound  of  laugliing  brooks, 
And  the  notes  of  singing  birds  ; 
Softened  by  tlie  cooinix  dt)ve, 
ijy  the  plover's  gentle  dip, 
]>y  tlie  h)ne]y,  limpid  rills, 
By  the  silence,  deep,  profound, 
Resting  o'er  the  wilderness. 

With  the  tliunder's  distant  roar, 
Rolling,  rumbling  thnjugh  the  sky, 
Over  mountains,  hills,  and  plains, 
Over  rivers,  lakes,  and  seas; 
Chiming  with  the  overture 
In  its  massive  undertones, 
Mellowinu:,  melting  all  its  chords 
Into  dulcet  harmonies 


s: 


Into  dirge-like  re(iuiems; 
Into  rhythmic  symphonies; 
Gathering  all  the  breath  of  song 
In  its  weird  and  wayward  moods; 
In  its  ])laintive,  touching  strains; 
In  its  playful  laughing  trills; 
In  its  wild  and  fearful  tones; 
Trancing  all  the  insect  tribes, 
Hid  in  thicket,  bush,  and  grove; — 
Butterflies,  of  every  hue. 
Bees,  of  wondrous  skill  and  lore; 
Beetles,  puzzled,  lost,  and  wild; 
Mites  and  emmets,  flies  and  gnats. 
Maddened,  ravished,  flUed  with  joy,— - 
Frenzied  with  the  flush  of  song. 


niK    triAAT    FAIlilKS. 


12; 


Birds,  in  lorc.t,  tivc,  and  c'o|,sg, 

In  the  jungle,  in  the  gi-ass, 

iS'car  till'  lonely  stream  and   lake, 

On  the  winu-  j,,  windin'-'  Hocks 

U  ddered  with  tjie  raptunnis  sounds, 

l^au.se  to  listen,  still  and  mute, 

Till  tho  tempest  rushes  nast. — 


past, 

O,tlio  music!   O,  the  sweet! 
JJrcalhinu-  iVaMrance,  hreathinir  sono-, 
-AIinL-'lino-  all  ,,1"  earth  and  air  '  '^ 

That  can  charm  the  wakenecl  sense. 
^J'hus  with  odors  rich  and  rare, 
^lusiu  lent  its  magic  power, 
I>irgc  and  re.piieni,  ditty,  lay, 
Fugue  and  march,  and  wait/  and  hymn 
Silver-toned,  euphonious,  ijrave- 
Chimes  of  measure(l  step  and  j^race 
Didcet  strains  of  sweetest  rhythm, ' 
Ovi'rturcs  of  )nat(ddess  sweep, 

All  that  tills  the  huno-rv  aii-, 

AH  that  wakes  the  sleepinn'  sense 

lilending  with  the  virgin  soil; 

AViih  the  ereejting  junipei', 

With  the  cedar  and'  the  pine, 

With  the  rich  magnolia's  bloom, 

With  the  jasmine  and  the  grape. 

With  the  scent  of  early  fruits; — 

Such  the  music,  such  the  air, 

Sweeping  westward  o'er  the  lakes 

/Snc/i, — the  Isle  of  Mackinac. 

It  was  upon  tlie  eastern  rockd)oiind  shore  that  the 
giant  fairies  most  loved  to  (3ongregate.  There  thej  skipped 
up  and  down  their  famous  stairway,  aiid,  flinging  themselves 
into  the  water,  would  disappear  in  its  depths,'  perhaps  to  rise 
again  on  the  back  of  some  immense  sturgeon  or  whitefish, 
the  reindeer  of  the  lakes,  for  a  race  through,  the  sparkling 
water. 


128 


ANNALS    OF   FORT   MACKINAC. 


Tliei50  ijonii  lived  in  the  muiiy  caves  in  ilie  rocks.  In  tli( 
(leprlis  ot"  their  quiet  hniiies  were — 

Tai)k's,  crowiitMl  witli  daintiest  food, 
Wine  of  hi-rrics,  rich  ami  sweet  ; 
IJcils  of  cider-down  and  inos>s; 
CliMiuhers,  opcnini^  to  the  sea, 
Filh'd  with  sparkliiiL^  slahictite.s  ; 
Ktjhies  hriijflit,  and  anu'lhysts, 
Diainomis  tlashiiiu:,  tilled  with  light; 
^NlarhU'  halls  and  palaces  ; 
CoiTidors,  of  awful  lenL^th, 
Stretchiiii;  westward  toward  tUe  sun, 
Openini;'  into  <listant  halls, 
AVihlcriiiLif  to  the  achins^  sisjjht. 
Wide  the  pavements  covered  o'er 
\Vith  the  shells  of  every  hue  ; 
Lichens  Ljreen,  and  red,  and  white. 
Spreading  wider,  flush  and  fair, 
Sprinkled  with  the  aurciate  dust 
Found  within  tlieir  hidden  eaves. 

Their  favorite  dancing  place  was  the  plateau  just  below 
where  the  fort  now  stands,  and  the  entrance  to  their  subter- 
ranean abode  was  under  the  immense  rock  that  supports  one 
of  the  corners  of  the  wall. 

Here  their  mystic  ring  was  kept,  and  on  moonlight  niglit> 
they  gathered  from  far  and  near — 


At  twilight  on  the  lonely  Isle, 
'Mid  the  rustling  of  tlie  leaves. 
And  the  chirp  of  dainty  birds, 
And  the  notes  of  whi])-poor- wills, — 
Oft  was  lieard  the  mystic  dance 
Of  Giant  Fairies,  lithe  of  step, 
3[oviug  in  their  sinuous  sweep 
To  the  sounds  of  lute  and  string. 
Kow,  where  the  rippling  waters  play, 
Or  on  the  billow's  gentle  swell, 
Laughing,  rollicking  and  free, 


■I'M':  (.i.wr  lAiu'iKs. 

Or  danilxTin..'  Donan's  (),.,.,  ,^k' 

A\itl.  tou-,.ni,..- I,,,,,  ;v,,,is,.or(iv.. ',•..,,„., 
\\.lli  l.cy.lay  pranks,  a„.lK.c.r,.,M.l  ,V,sl 
llicy  rod,  aii.l  miniict.  and  wait/, 
III  wassail  iiiirili  and  jdlitv 

I'l.on  I^>;:i'VAKi>'slor(V(',,n'Ks,Iu.v  prn-h. 
Ini^rar.tuUaim.stlu.yn.aH,  tln-Ala-ii 
liiat  hanirs  ni)()n  tlic  (.astern  sIk.h'  — 
JNovv  <rn„|y  irippi,,..  ,.,„„„i  j,,  j,,,^'^ 
J  liey  clinil*  npon  its  ruirovd  si.lcs. 
And  swocpino-  ()\'i-  its  dizzy  hci.-Ii't 
VVith  rapid  rtiirjit  and  oas/u'race,    ' 
Thoy  move  around  the  PYRAMin,' 
And  p(H'|.  witliin  its  secret  eaves, 
Or  stand  upon  its  star-lit  shal't;— 
And  then,  away,  awav,  awav,  ' 
Miey  sweep  around  the  errand  pinteau 

Jnat  sits  enthroned  upon  tlie  Isle* 

Within  Skull  Cavk  they  harelv  peep 
Higgles'  Pillar,  they  I'ii^rhilv  "toneli 
Jo  WiiiTXKY's  PoiXT,  they  hie  away 
Ilience,  the  Lovek's  Leap  they  eliinlj. 

Here  tlie  tramping  feet  wore  heard 
Ot  the  Pe-(ju()d-e-nonoe  dance, 
Wlien  tlie  gathering  warriors  came 
Plumed  and  ))ainted  for  the  fight;— 
And  the  startling  yell  was  heard 
O'ev  the  Island— o'er  the  straits, 
O'er  the  Avaters,  deej)  and  clear, 
O'er  the  Huron  and  its  sjiores, 
O'er  the  breezy  Michigan; 


121> 


Suddenly  La  Salle's  morning  gnn  from  the  "Griffon  "  ran^r 
our  on  the  breeze  and  echoed  and  re-echoed  with  many  re''- 
verberations  from  the  adjacent  shores. 

Wit!,  horrible  shrieks  and  ci-ies  and  groans  they  flew  from 
all  pnrts  of  the  island,  and  entering  their  caye  disappeai-ed 
evermore  from  mortal  view. 


130 


ANN  A  I. s    n|.     InIM     MArKlNAO. 

R(>lll('t;ililly  tlicy  Ifl'l   flic  Isle 
AVlicii  tlu:  "  jcilc  I'lU'cs  "  tniiclud  Upon 
Tlicir  iiMtivc  waters,  rocks,  mikI  liills; — 
For  only  will  llicy  •Icinn   to  ducll 
Wlicri'  the  wild  liimliT  seeks  his  food 
And  elaiiiis  the  forest  all  iii>  .>»vii 


I  sin«4'  of  the  fairies  lied, 

I  know  not  where  t  hey  are, 
Whether  livinL:',  dyiti.u',  <n"  dea<l, 

On  the  earth,  or  some  distant  star. 
In  tlie  hollow  wastes,  or  the  vacant  caves, 

In  the  shadowy,  dreainloss  land, 
AVhere  the  river  of  Lethe  n'ently  laves 

Its  footless  and  dusky  sand, — 
Far,  far  away  is  the  spectral  bund. 

Over  the  silent  moor, 

On cr  the  secret  dell, 
Over  the  waters  fresh  and  pure 

With  music's  niaujic  sj)ell, 
Ilithei-  and  thitluu"  they  w^uit, 

N(»w  ra)»id,  or  u'rave,  or  slow, 
'J'ill  the  drowsy  hours  were  i^jx^it 

.Vnd  the  morning  l)en;an  to  ulow. 
]>iif  we  see  tluun  now  no  moi'e, 

We  hear  tlu'iu  not  at  even, 
By  river,  or  lake,  or  lonely  sliore, 

iieneath  the  western  heaven. 


And  thus  have  the  fairies  left  our  sliore, 
Their  beautiful  forms  we  shall  see  no  nu)ro; 
The  caves  are  forsaken,  the  mountain  and  j»lain, 
Our  Island  home  shall  greet  them — never  again. 


4 


PRIKhls. 


i;!i 


rjMi-:sTs. 

The  fol]<,win-PnVsts  ..f  tliu  liuamn  Ciithnli..  Cinnvl,  ],;,ve 
served  iit  MicliiliiMiickinac  : 

The  (hites  (opposite  their  iihmu.s  iii-liciite  the  lirst  nti.l  last 
year  (,1  tlieir  stay;  „r,  as  rlic  i-A.r  may  h.-,  ..f  thrir  visits; 
tor  iiKiny  of  tliei.i  made  only  o('casi..i,al  visits,  liavin^r  other 
parishes,  or  missions,  in  their  ehari,^.'.  77/.//.  na,n,.s  ai-e 
marked  thus  * 

The  first  cliiireh  on  tlie  main  land,  north  of  tlie  Strait, 
was  built  in  1(171;  the  seeond  al.out  1(;74;  hnrnt  in  ITiHl. 

Tlie  present  eJiurch  was  huilt  in  is,",s. 

The  tirst  cliureh  on  the  main  Ian  1,  s<.urli  *,f  the  Strait,  was 
built  about  1712,  when  the  jmst  was  re-established  ;'  the 
second,  about  1741. 

The  Urst  church  on  the  island  was  built  about  1785.  It 
occupied  a  part  of  the  old  cemetery  on  Astor  street.  The 
second  was  erected  in  1827,  on  tlie'sittj  of  the  present  one, 
<-)n^land  donated  by  Mrs.  Mao-dulene  Laframboise. 

The  present  building  was  erected  in  1873. 

Beneath  the  altar  are  the  graves  of  Mrs.  Magdalene 
Lafrand)oise,  her  only  daughter,  and  grandson,  Langdon 
Pierce  (wife  and  son  of  Capt.  Pen jamin  K.  Pierce,  LI.  S."a.). 
On  the  marble  slabs  over  their  graves  are  the  followin*' 
inscriptions : 

"Magdalene  Lapkamboise,  died  April  14tli,  1S40,  aged  00  years." 
"Josephine  Pierce,  died  November '2  Itli,  1820." 

In  "Ancient  MicnruMACKiNAc"  (St.  Ionace). 
1670.  Rev.  Father  Dablon.  :s.  ,J.  (or  pos,sil)ly  Maniuelie.) 

1071-73.     Rev.  Father  .Tames  Maniuelte,  S.  J. 
I*t78  (?)     Rev.  Father  Philip  Pierson,  S.  J. 


132 


ANNALS    OF    lOKT    MACKINAC. 


1074  (?)      ]lcv.  Father  Ileury  Nouvt'l,  S.  J. 

l(iT7  (?)      liev.  Fatlier  J.  Eiijalraii.  S.  J. 

1()S()-81.     Kev.  Father  Louis  Ileuucpin,  Franciscan.* 

1(5??  (?)      Kev.  Father  De  Carheil.  S.  J. 

16??-1706.     Rev.  Father  J.  :Marest.  S.  J. 

In  "Old  Mackinac''  (Lower  ]\riciiiGAN). 

1708  (?)  Rev.  Father  J.  Marest,  S.  .1. 

1741^2.  Rev.  Father  J.  15,  Laniorinie,  S.  J.* 

1741-65.  Rev.  Father  Du  .launay,  8.  J. 

1740-44.  Rev.  Father  C.  G.  C'oqnarz.  S.  J.* 

nsa-Gl.  Rev.  Father  :M.  L.  Lefrane,  8.  J. 

1768-75.  Rev.  Father  Gibault,  Vic-Gen.  of  Illinois.* 


On  the  Island  and  in  Modern  St.  Ignace. 

1786-87.     Rev.  Fatlier  Fayet,  of  Illinois.* 

1794.  Rev.  Father  Ledru,  Dominican,  of  France.* 

1796.  Rev.  Father  Levadoux,  of  Detroit,  Vic. -Gen.  of  the  Bishop 

of  Baltimore.* 
1799-1823.     Rev.  Father  G.  Richard,  Curate  of  St.  Ann,  Detroit,  and 

Vii-a'-General.* 
1801.  Rev.  Father  J.  Dilhet.* 

1816-18.     Rev.  Father  .Joseph  Crevier,  of  Canada.* 
1835-27.     Rev.  Father  Francis  Vincent  Badin  of  St.  .Joseph's.* 
1827-30.     Rev.  P.  .J.  De  Jean,  of  Little  Traverse  Bay.* 
1839-31.     Rt.  Rev.  Edward  Feuwick.  Bishop  of  Cincinnati.* 
18;!0.  Rev.  Fathei  ]\[allon,  of  Cincinnati. 

1830-33.     Rev.  Father  Samuel  Mazzuehelli,  Dominican. 
1830-38.     Rev.  Father  Fretleric  Rese,  Vic. -(Jen.  of  Cincinnati,  Bishop 

of  Detroit,  18:!4.* 
1831-65.     Rev.    Father    Frederic    Barai^a,    of    Little    Traverse    Bay. 

Afterwards   (1853-08)   Bishop   of    Sault   Ste.    Marie   and 

Marquette.* 
1833.  Rev.  Father  ,J.  Lostrie. 

1833-34.     Rev.  Father  Francis  Hatscher,  Redemptorist 
1838-43.     Rev.  Father  Santi  Sautelli. 


PRIESTS. 


•1  •  > 


184;j-45. 

1845. 

1lS4.")-.V2. 

lS4(i--:4. 

1852. 

]s.-)4-o7. 

18.-,8-(!l. 

1  SOI -07. 

ISC.S. 

1S(58-71. 

ls(l!)-70. 

18:0-71. 

1871. 

1871-79. 

1871-72. 

1872-7:3. 

1873-8.'^. 

1875-78. 

1878-79. 

1S7!)-81. 

!SM)-S1. 

18S()-S2. 

]  8^  1 . 

1SS1-S2. 

1SS1-S2. 

1882-84. 

188.3. 

lss:]-84. 


Ucv.  Fill  her  F.  ,T.  Bouducl. 

Kov.  Father  C.  SkoUa,  Fninoiscan. 

Hev.  Father  IT.  Van  licnteruiicm. 

nt.   Hev.  P.  I^cfcvre,  IJishoj)  of  Detroit.* 

Rev,  Fatlicr  A.  I).  Piret.  retired  to  '•  C  luMianx.-  ls:o. 

Tu'v.  Father  Fran.is  l'i,.,v„  of  Little  Traverse  Dav  *   ' 

Kev.  Father  K.  [..  M.  .lahan. 

Kev.  Father  Patrick  15.  Murray. 

Hev.  Father  Henry  L.  Thiele  (two  terms). 

Kev.  Fj.fher  Charles  Magne. 

Kev.  Father  ^lattliias  Orth. 

Kev.  Fatlier  Pliiiip  S.  Zorn,  of  Grand  Trav,M-se  Ray* 

Kev.  Fatlier  Nicolas  L.  SilTerath,  of  C'ro^s  \illa-e.'^ 

Rev.  Father  Charles  Vary,  S.  J.,  of  Sauit  St,..  Marie.* 

Kt.  Rev.  Ignatius  Mrak,  Bishop  of  Marquette.* 

Kev.  Father  L.  B.  Lebouc. 

Kev.  Father  Moses  Mainville. 

Kev.  Father  Edward  .lacker. 

Kev.  Fatlier  William  Dwyer. 

Kev.  Father  .John  Brauu. 

Kev.  Father  John  C.  Kenny. 

Kev.  Father  C.  A.  Kichar "!. 

Kt.  Kev.  Joliu  Vertiu,  Bishop  of  Marquette.* 

Rev.  Fatlier  Bnnaventure  Frey,  Prov.  Cap.  Order.* 

Rev.  Father  Kilian  Haas.  O.  M.  Cap. 

Rev.  Father  Isidore  TIandtmann,  O.  M.  Cap. 

Rev.  Fatlier  .Tohn  Chebul. 

Rev.  Father  -Joseph  Niehling. 

Kev.  Father  P.  G.  Tobin. 


LEGEND    OF    MISHl.M-MAKIX AC. 


I'db 


LEGEND  OF  "MISIIINI-MAKINAK" 

Note  :-TlicM-e  is  a  tradition  tliat  many  c(3ntnries  ago  while 
a  party  of  Indians  were  standing  on  the  hlnff  where  St 
Ignace  is  now  located,  an.l  looking  ont  over  the  straits 
they  saw  the  present  Island  of  Mackinac  rising  out  of  the 
water,  and  beliving  it  was  some  animal,  from  its  movements 
and  shape  they  pronounced  it  to  1)e  a  turtle. 

The  Island  was  known  to  the  early  French  visitors  as 
-Michilimackinac:"  popular  tradition  says  that  the  meanin.r 
of  the  word  is  "  Giant  Turtle."  "^ 

In  the  Ojibwa  dialect  as  now  spoken,  "Mishimikinak" 
signifies  "Big  Turtle." 

Edisoked.— A  story  teller;  one  who  repeats  and  hands 
down  the  tales  of  :\Eena-bosho  and  other  kindred  legendary 
lore. 

Eh  heh !  Eh  heh  !~is  the  usual  refrain  of  Indian  magic 
songs. 


Where  the  restless  currents  of  Michigan 
Tiie  twin-horn  Huron  embrace, 

Along  the  liea.llaud  there  sat  a  clan 
Of  the  wild  Ojibwa  race. 

In  the  noontide  calm,  on  the  sleepy  sliore, 
Reposed  the  lords  of  the  laud, 

While  the  stoi-y-tellcr's  nivstift  lore 
Beguiled  the  simple  baud. 

Tims  spake  the  prattling  Edisoked; — 
"A  wigwam  stands  in  the  dee]); 

Eiu'hanted  lies  in  the  clianuers  bt-d 
Tile  GiAXT  TiHTLE  asleep. 


lOG 


ANNALS    OF    F()i;r    ^rACKINAC. 


Ariiiiiid  hiin  paddle  wliitcHsli  and  trout, 

Tlio  slow  worm  (jreepinii;  goes; 
The  sea-2jiill's  sci-eaiii  and  the  i-over's  shout 

Break  not  liis  <'li;trnied  re{M)se. 

Rise  up,  rise  up,    O  Tuutle  grey; 

Rise  up,  thuu  chief  ol"  the  lake, 
Tiiy  cousins  call  thee, — eli  heh!  eh  heh! 

Enchanted  Turtle,  awake. 

Tlie  lake  lay  calm  and  the  wind  was  hush'd, 

l>ut  lol  there  rose  a  swell; 
The  surges  over  the  pehhk's  rushed 

The  song  had  broken  the  spell. 

It  heaves;  it  eddies.     Alack!  Alack! 

The  breakers  tower  and  tail; 
Unwieldy  Misihni-makinaiv 

'I'oils  up  to  answer  the  call. 

Already  whitens  the  flood  mid-way 

Twixt  shore  and  shore.     On  the  strand, 

Along  the  headland,  in  blank  dismay 
The  brown  Ojibwa  stand. 

And  slowly,  softly  the  rounded  l)ack 

Kmerging  meets  the  eye, 
Till  all  of  MisniN'i-MAKiXAK 

Lies  basking  'neath  the  sky. 

He  floats,  a  mammoth  in  turtle  shape, 

^Vm  overturned  Itowl,  the  i)a(dv; 
The  dragging  tail  a  fleshy  cai)e. 

The  jowl  a  headland  black. 

The  mighty  shell  like  an  island  lies. 

At  anchor  out  in  the  lake. 
^T'ls  not  an  isle.     O  strauge  sur))rise! 
'Tis  the  Chief  un(di armed,  awake! 

Unmoved,  alike,  by  the  billow's  sweep, 
\\\  the  temjtest's  batlering  shock, 

Severe  and  calm  i>i  the  azure  deep, 
He  staTids  a  towering  rock. 


LEGEM)    OF    Ml.-llixi     Makinak. 


But  alert  within  lIuiL  t 


The  spirit,  blithe  and  oa> 


r()\viiiii<r  Torm 


With  fairy  spritus,  tl 


C 


ommuiie.s  hy  njulit  and  day 


lat  'roil  IK  I  him  swarta. 


ilKMlappk'd  trout  and  the  wjiitefish 

bp-lake,  down  over  the  Falls; 
His  childicii  all  from  their  silent  h 


come 


To  tl 


H'  gay  carouse  he  calls. 


onie 


The  Red  .M; 


111- 


Th( 


eager  yet  doubtful,  whih 


•silver  tide  runs  past 


Enticed,  bewitched,  to  tl 


II 


le  niao-ic  isle 


is  birch  bark  paddies  at  lalt 


And  one  there  com 


With  fa 


es  in  rol)<»  of  black. 


That  frowninu'  M 


ce  so  sweet  and  grave. 


Srail 


ISHINI-MAKINAK 


cs  on  him  from  the 


wave. 


With  toil  worn  feet 


,  a  pilgrim  quaint, 


riie  holy  cross  in  his  hand 


From  la  be.lle  France  1 


10  comes,  good  saint. 


To  sleep  on  the  roeky  strand 

And  over  the  wav(>s  as  the  chief 

In  storm  or  sunshine  gay, 
The  LiLv,  Liox  and  P^AGLi/bold 


grows  old, 


Their  homage  come  to  o 


l)ay. 


•MAKIXAK 


On  hoary  Mishim- 

Their  several  flags  unfurl, 
While  wrestling,  eacli  from' the 

The  other  seeks  to  hurl. 


giant's  back 


Oh!  sure  is  the  flight  to  the  mother  b 


Of  the  hui 


ee 


But 


nining  swarms  of  the  hive; 


surer,  swifter,  from  land  and 


The  Chieftain 


<ea. 


s  vassals  arrive. 


From  prairies  far  and  their  l)urning  heat, 

From  Hudson's  shivering  bay: 
From  the  western  i)eaks,  at  tin'  Oiant's  feet 

i  hey  flock  their  wealth  to  lay. 


13" 


138 


AXNALS    OF    I'oirr    MACIvINAC. 


Tlio  skitr,  llic  lio-ht  cjiiioe,  tlu-  sinaek, 
The  inciv'liant's  shi|)  in  tlicir  wake, 

All   IxXIIld    for   MiSIIIM-.MAKlXAK 

Aix' })l()\ving  river  and  lake. 

Briu'lit.  lu'okcn  dreanil  It  calls  not  l>aek 

'I'liat  gay  (•lii\  alric  time: — 
Wilt  tlioK  still  honor  old  ^lakinak, 

Age  of  tlie  dollar  and  dime? 

Behold  the  ans\v(M'!  Do  not  these  things 

Araliian  marvels  eelipse? 
On  I'onies — on  comes, — as  on  eagle's  wings, 

A  fleet  of  wingless  ships  ! 

With  panting  bosom, — \x\\A\  sjdashing  gait, 

W^ith  dull  monotonous  roar, 
They  come, —  their  frolicsome  humau  freight 

In  the  Sorcerer's  lap  to  ])our. 

Tliere  all,  in  sweet  oblivion  lost, 
(The  touch  of  witchery's  wand.) 

Their  ailments  otfei-  a  holocaust 
At  Giant  Tuiitle's  command. 


.MACKINAC    ISLAND. —  LAKE   NAVIGATION. 


lai' 


MACKIMAC  ISLAND. 


Fort  Markin.'io — Piii'mlc 

Fort  lloliiics — 1*1  illonn 

Tojt  of  IVr;inii(t  Kock 

Donim's  ( )l)rlisk 

Robertson's  Folly. 

Highest  Point  of  Arch  Rock..    ... 

Top  of  Arch 

Uutti'css  f; icing  lake  at  Arch  l.'ock 

Lover's  Leap. 

Lower  Plateau  of  Island 

U[)per  Plateau  of  Island 


Height  above  the  Straits 
of  Maekiimiv 

l.")0  feet. 


2s.-) 
185 
128 
l.-)0 
MO 
110 
14") 
150 
295 


LAKE   NAVIGATION. 

Distances  from  >L\ckinac  Island  uv  Wateb. 
(Stenmhont  Routes.) 


Miles 


Miles. 

riarrisville 155 

L' Anse 385 


Alpena 125 

Ashland,  L.  S 5T0 

Bayfield,  L.  S 585  j  Mackinaw  City. 

Beaver  Islands 45  j  Manjiu'tte,  L.  S 2<50 

Bois  Blanc  Island 'i\  Milwaukee 290 

Cheboygan,  Mich 18  i  Ontonagon.  L.  S 495 

Chonaux  Islands 15  j  Oscoda 175 

Chicago 375  I  Petoskey (50 

Cross  Village 30  |  Port   Huron 300 

Detour 40    Poriauc  Lake,  L.  S  300 

Detroit 370  '  Round  Island 1 

Duhith.   L.  S «)75  \  8and  Beach 235 

Eagle  Harbor,  L.  S 425  |  Sault  Ste.  Marie 90 

PJagle  River,  L.  S 435   St.  Ignace 5 

Grand  Island,  L.  S 225  1  Traverse  City 120 


i-iU 


AJS.NALb    Oi'    Fi)lM    MACKliNAU. 


SUMMER  AND  WINTER. 

The  Waximnm  am]  Minimnm  tempcniture  at  Fort  Mackinac  fluri.iir  t ho 
suininers  and  wiiittirs  specifu'd — from  observalious  taken  with  :i 
Fahrenheit  thernionietor  at  7  A.  M. 


Suiiiiner  Deg.  abovi- 

of  Zero. 

IS.-i.j September  8 67 

1856 July  '26 75 

1857 July  26 75 

1858 Au.o'ust  13 .7-4 

1859 July  V■^ 76! 

1800 August  8 69  1 

1868 July  17 79' 

1809 August  2 60 

1870 July  18 09 

1871 August  7 75! 

1872 July  2 74  j 

1873 July  23 73 

1874 September  12 71  j 

1875 September  1 68  ; 

1876 August  14 74' 

1877 July  28 77 

1878 August  9 76 

1879 July  15 75 

1880 August  8. 69 

1881 September  5 78 

1882 July  25 71 

1883 August  18 66 


Winter 

of 

ls.-.-;-6 March  9, 

1858-9 January  9, 

1859-00 January  31, 

lsOO-1 February  7, 

1807-8 February  27, 

1808-9 March  4, 

1809-70,  ...February  21, 

1870-1 February  5, 

1871-?; Dec.  20, 

1872-8 February  23, 

1873-4 January  30, 

1874-5 February  9, 

1875-6 February  2, 

1876-7 lanuary  12, 

1877-8 January  7, 

1878-9 February  27, 

1879-80  ..  .February  1, 

1880-1 January  14, 

1881-2..    .  January  23, 

1S82-3 January  22, 

1883-4 January  24, 


Dep.  li 

•low 

Zero 

1850. . 

.!!> 

1859  . 

.25 

1860. . 

.10 

1861.. 

.24 

1808. . 

.24 

1809. . 

.1(1 

1870.. 

.10 

1871.. 

.!;; 

1871.. 

.1! 

1873.. 

.17 

1874.. 

.11) 

1875. . 

.24 

1876. . 

.17 

1877.. 

.14 

1878.. 

..8 

1879  . 

20 

1880.. 

..8 

1881.. 

.22 

1882.. 

.18 

1888.. 

.10 

1884. . 

.18 

NAVKiATlUN. — DISTANCES  FKOM  ST.  IGNACE. 


141 


It . 

.    .    .   Ii7 

. .  .25 

0. 

...10 

1 

.  .  .24 

S. 

. .  .24 

9. 

...10 

0. 

...10 

I. 

...];! 

I. 

.  ..1! 

:5. 

...IT 

4. 

...111 

5. 

. .  .24 

G. 

...IT 

7. 

...14 

8. 

....8 

9 

. .  20 

0. 

....8 

1. 

...22 

2. 

...18 

8. 

...10 

NAVIGATION -STRAITS  OF  MACKINAC. 

AiuiivAL  OP  First  Stkamboat  at  Mackinac  Island. 


1S54 April  25 

l^'") May     1 

l^^'J May     2 

l><-^7 May     1 

^^■'>8 April    (i 

1^">9 April   4 

l«<iO April  10 

lS(il April  25 

1S()2 April  18 

1H<« A])ril  17 

18(54 April  2J} 

1865 April  21 

1800 April  2!) 

1807 April  23 

1868 April  19 

1869 April  23 


1870 April    3 

1871 April    3 

1872 April  25 

1873 vpiii  ;jo 

1874 April  29 

1875 May     5 

187(; April  23 

1877 April  20 

1878 (No  record.) 

1879 April  22 

1880 April    3 

1881 May     3 

1882 March  9 

1883 April  21 

1884 April  18 


DISTANCES    FROM   ST.  IGNACE,  MICH. 
VIA  — D.,  M.   ik  MARQUETTE   R.  R. 


Newberry, 

Seney, 

Muuisiug, 

Au  Train, 

Marquette, 

Negauuee, 

Ishpeming, 


[ich 

Miles. 

r^s 

Republic, 

L'Anse, 

Hancock, 

Houghton, 

Calumet, 

Lake  Linden, 

Mich 

....  185 
213 

"     75 

<( 

108 

121 

150 

102 

244 

>( 

244 

(( 

257 

(< 

....  207 

(< 

105 

Ulj 


ANNALS    OF    FOUT    MACIvINAC. 


DTSTAXCES    FPwOM   MA(MCIXAAV  CITY, 
VIA— MlCil.   CENTUAI.    K.  U. 


To 

Albiii'.y,  X.  Y 

Baltle  Creek,  Mich 

Buy  City,  Mich 

Beaver  Lake.  Mich 

Bin^liampldii,  N.  Y 

Boston,  iMass  

Bulfalo,  N.  Y 

Cliehoygan.  ]\Iicli 

Cliicago,  111. . . .   

Cincinnati.  O 

Cleveland.  O 

Colunihus,  () 

Detroit.  Mich 

Fort  Wayne,  Ind 

Freedom,  Mich 

Gaylord.  Mich 

Graylinii',  Mich 

Hagcrsville.  Ont 

Indian  River,  Mich 

Indianapolis.  Ind 

Jackson,  Mich 

Kalamazoo,  Mich 

Lansing,  Mich . 

Louisville,  K.y 

Mackinac  Islantl  (by  water). . . 


Mllps.  • 
841 
340, 

1S2| 

100  I 

751  i 
1042  I 

•  )4«j  I 
ll)| 

505  ! 
552  ! 
4(53  I 

474! 

291 

395 

gI 

03 
90 

34  I 
561  ; 
295 
3(i:5 
25<» 
602 


7 


To 


Mil.'s, 
o>> 


Mullet  Lake.  Mich 

New  York,  N.  Y 9s;: 

Niagara  F:dls,  N.  Y 521 

Niagara  Falls,  Ont 517 

Niles,   Mich 411 

Otsego  Lake,  Mich 71 

Owosso,  Mich 232 

Pincouning,  Mich 1(1;! 

Rochester,  N.  Y. 013 

Roscommon,  Mich 105 

St.  Helen's,  Mich li: 

St.  Louis,  Mo 7;;7 

St.  Thomas,  Ont 404 

Saginaw  City,  Mich 19(i 

Saratoga,  N.  Y 846 

Springlield,  ^lass 944 

Standish,  Mich 155 

Summit.  Mich 13b( 

Suspension  Bridge,  N.  Y 519 

Syracuse,  N.  Y 691 

Toledo,  O 351) 

Topinabee.  Mich 2  ' 

Toronto,  Ont 52ii 

Utica.  N.  Y 740 

Zilwaukee,  Mich ll*'- 


its;; 
-Wl 
517 
411 
71 

2a-j 

1G3 
C18 
10.') 
117 

7;{7 

404 
190 
84(1 
944 
155 

i;]8 

51!t 
()'J4 
850 

'2:1 

ry2i\ 
74(1 
I'.fJ 


INDIAN  AND  FRENCH  GEOGRAPHICAL 

NAMES. 


Arijrk  Croche,— a  Frciicli  translation  of  tlio  Ottawa 
\V((,j,f,u/km,  which  proiHTly  means  "  tlie  top  of  that 
tree  is  crooked."  A  hiro-e  tree  of  that  desci-iption  foi-- 
nierly  stood  on  the  hei<,^ht  west  of  Middle  Villawv;  an<l  to 
that  neighborliood  the  term  Arhre  Croche  was  applie.l 
until  about  1828,  when  it  was  transferred  to  the  Ottawa 
settlement  at   Little  Traverse,  now  Harl)ur  Springs,  Mich. 

AssiNNiBOTNE.  From  the  Ojihwa  Ai^miihwan,  "  Stonc- 
Sioux."  The  tribe— a  branch  of  the  Dakota  family— is  sai<l 
to  have  received  this  name  from  the  nature  of  the  countrv 
it  formerly  inhabited. 

The  term  is  composed  of  Assln,  "  a  stone,"  and  Bumn, 
''  Sioux,"  or  ''  Dakota." 

Bay  de  Nog.  Corrupted  from  the  French,  Bat/  <],'% 
No<iaeU,  "  Noquet  Bay."  Tlie  small  tribe  or  clan  of  the 
Noquet,  or  Noquai  Indians,  was  found  in  that  neighbor- 
liood by  the  first  French  explorers.  Later  on  they  were 
merged  into  the  tril)e  of  the  Baioitigovnninivmcj  (Men  of 
the  Stream  lashed  into  Dust),  or  Saut  Indians.  ''  Nohe'' 
the  "  totem  "  of  the  clan,  is  the  sirloin  of  a  bear. 

Cheboygan,  also  Sheboygcui.  From  Jihalgan  (pronounced 
Zhe-hah-e-gan),  or  Jahalgan,  ''  a  pai^:sage  way  by  water.''  It 
conveys  the  idea,  to  the  Indian  min*!,  of  a  short  route  by 
water  by  which  some  distant  ])oint  may  be  reached,  other 
than    by  the  main  water  hi<niwav. 

145 


146 


ANNALS    OF    FOKT    >rA('KINAC. 


CnErjoiMKOoN,  (Ashland  Hay,  Wis.j,  i)r<)j)i'i'iy  Sliairawami- 
gong, — a  U)!;ii'-stretchod  tongno  of  land,  or  shallows,  ovxt 
which  the  waves  break. 

Chenaux  (plural  of  chenal)  "channels." 

Cross  V^illage, —  the  translation  of  the  French  La  Civ»i\. 
"  The  Cross."  The  settlement  obtained  its  name  rrum  a 
large  wooden  ero.vs,  j)lanted  l)y  one  of  the  early  missionarie> 
on  the  blnff  where  the  village  now  stands. 

The  Indian  name  is  Aaaitiiewatigong^  "  at  the  Ti'ee  of 
Prayer." 

Escanaba.  From  the  Indian  Ishkomihe^  "the  end  ot  he 
good  (sandy)  beach." 

Gkos  Uai\  "  Big  Point,"  evidently  so  called  on  account 
of  its  elevation  and  massy  form. 

The  Indian  luune  .6  Nedlnang,  a  compound  of  "  nc " 
and  '^(U/ia,^''  two  formatives,  the  first  referring  to  a  point, 
the  second  to  a  height  of  land.  Sedina^  "  there  is  a  high 
point;"   NedhuDK/^  "  at  the  high  point." 

IsHPEMiNo.     An    Indian   name  given  by  the  whites  to  a 
village  (now  city)  located  a  few  miles  above  Negaunee. 
hlipiming  means  "  above,"  or  "  on  high." 

Kenosha.  Indian  ginoje^  or  kinoje  (pronounced  kc-no- 
zhd).  "  a  pike."     Perhaps  from  a  chicjf  of  that  name. 

Keweenaw.  Fi-oni  the  Indian  Kiik'nneonan,,  "a  shortcut 
across  a  j>oint  of  land."  The  term  I'efers  to  the  route  hy 
Portage  river  and  lake  across  the  Keweenaw  pc!iinsula. 

L'Anse,  •'  the  small  bay  "  or  "  the  head  of  the  bay,"  the 
translation  of  the  Indian  w^kwed. 

Lake  Agooeebic.  Agoixeeijic  is  a  corruption  of  Agog'i- 
hiiig,  and  this  is  the  locative  case  of  Agogib^  or  Agogdn, 
the  ( )  jibwa   name   of   the  lake.     In  [)ractical  use  the  word 


INDIAN    AND    FkKNCH    (IKncKAI'H  IC'AL    XAMKS. 


14" 


seldom  occurs  otherwise  tliau  in  the  locaHvo  case.  Tliit^ 
accounts  for  the  eiuliiiuj  - /c "'  in  tiie  an^-licized  form, 
"g'"   lia\*ini!:  been  substitnied  for  " //y.'' 

Ill  a  similar  manner  the  word  "Wisconsin"  lias  been 
coined  out  of  the  Jn<lian  tei'tn,  *•  W/slikonsinii''  wliich  is 
rlie  locative  of  ''  Wl^hkons,^'  tlje  "  o/i ''  to  l>e  j»ronounced 
as  ill  French. 

Lake  Agoo-eebic  received  its  name  from  a  certain  a(|urtic 
plant,  called  'Kjofjih^  wliich  is  said  t(»  be  found  in  it,  most 
likely  in  the  north-western  corner,  where  the  watei*  is  (|uitc 
shallow.  The  plant  is  perhaps  the  same  as  our  "'  watei- 
tlannel,"  a  species  of  confervte,  which  tonus  beds  of 
entangled    filaments   on    the    surface    of   the   water. 

The  term  ugo^/ih  is  a  compound  of  two  '*  formatives,'' 
"■rtf/of/""  and  "•  ih:'  ^(/oy^  also  agogio,  and  (U/in'ii/o,  im- 
plies the  idea  of  somethinu'  sticking,  especially  to  surfaces, 
as  in  (igwayiolsi-iln^  "  it  is  mouldy,"'  aywayoblkwl^  "  it  is 
rusty,''   ayoyhi^   "  it    cleaves    to   sometliing.'' 

''  I  If,-'  also  ''/>/,"  and  ^' ihl^'"'  refer  to  water,  and  li(pi!(ls 
generally.  For  example.  /^//>/,  "water,"  tuklh,  '' i\  spring," 
tuiamihuty,  '  under  the  water,"  y'nriishliLoehi,,  "he  is  drunk." 

Ayoyih  accordingly  \  i-ans  '•something  sticking  to  watei'," 
or,  "covering  the  surface  of  water."  ''  Water-mould"  woiiM 
i»e  a  sort  of  literal  translation. 

Tile  orio-inal  name  of  the  lake,  was  A<i(>(nl>/-S,niiii<i<iii, 
'•  W.iier-mould  Lake." 

In  the  Cree  dialect,  the  corresponding  term  <(kw<ih>ij,>- 
sukauid)),  is  still  in  ordinarv  use  foranvbodvof  staii'iianr 
water  covered  with  similar  plants. 

Among  the  Ojibwa.  the  term  appears  to  be  less  gener;illy 
known,  or  understood;  hence  the  want  of  accord  in  tlie  many 
;ittem[)ts  tluvt  have  been  made  to  explain  the  meaning  o!  the 
''X^^viX  Ayuyeehlc. 


148 


ANNALS    OF    FOKT    MACKINAC. 


Lake  Mkfitgami,  ok  Meshigami, —  means  "the  branch. 
illy-  hike,''  and  is  so  called  from  its  form.  It  may  also  be 
translated  "  tjjreat   lake." 

Lake  Yieux  Desert.  French  translation  of  the  Indian 
Getekltiyan  (pronounced  ga-ta-ke-te-<(an),  "  old  garden." 

( )n  an  island  in  the  lake  there  are  traces  of  gardeninii', 
considered  hy  some  to  be  of  pre-historic  origin. 

Lake  Winnebago.  The  Indians  now  call  it  Winihigo- 
Sagaigan^  "the  lake  of  the  Winnebago  Indians;"  but  the 
original  name  M'as  Winihi  (pronounced  win-ne-be),  "dirty 
water;"  in  the  locative  case,  Winihing^  or,  in  the  southern 
Alg  mquin  dialects,  Winihig:  the  same  as  Winipeg,  which 
is  the  Cree  form  of   the  same  word. 

From  tlie  lake,  the  Winnebago  Indians,  who  lived  in  that 
neighborhood  before  they  moved  to  Green  Bay,  received 
their  Algonquin  name,  and  the  early  French,  being  informed 
of  the  fact  that  the  tribe  had  formerly  lived  on  the  "  dirty 
water,"  were  led  into  the  erroneous  belief  that  the  tribe  had 
formerly  lived  on  the  sea,  or  on  salt  water,  which  the  Indians 
also  called  "  dirty  water." 

This  circumstance  accounts  for  Nicolet's  much  discussed 
assertion  that  on  his  voyage  to  Green  Bay  he  was  within 
three  days'  journey  of  the  sea. 

A  three  days'  sail  would  have  brought  him  to  Winihig — 
the  "dirty  water." 

The  assumj)tion  that  he  reached  a  point  within  three  days' 
journey  of  eitlier  the  Wisconsin  or  the  Mississippi,  and  mis- 
took the  Miskisibi  —  "the  great  river" — for  the  ocean,  is 
improbable. 

No  one  acquainted  with  the  Algonkin  tongues,  as  he  was. 
would  have  made  such  a  mistake,  for  Sibi  never  means  any 
other  than  running  water. 


INDIAN    AND    FliExVCH    GP:0GKAPI1  ICAl,    NAMES. 


140 


Manii'ou  Payment.  A  French  coiTiiption  of  tlie  Ojilnva 
Mdiiito  Bhutiui^  '' tlie  sliootiiig  of  the  Spirit." 

Indian  tradition  rehites  that  on  tlie  fine  sandy  lieach  ea^t 
of  IManitoii  i\iyinent  Point,  Mena-hosho,  aftei'  transform iiii^ 
liiniself  into  a  tall  tree,  lay  in  wait  for  his  enemy,  tin-  "  (ircat 
I»ear  of  the  Lake,"  and  ;is  lie  slept  on  the  heach.  aft^T  L'ani- 
holiiii^  for  some  time  witli  his  fellow  spirits,  shot  an  aii'nw 
thron<>;h  his  heart. 

A  tall  pine  tree  overlooking-  the  Poutfettes  settlement  and 
visihle  from  a  great  distance  has,  in  the  Indian  mind,  >onu' 
sort  of  a  connection  with  that  fabnloiis  event. 

Manitowoc.  From  the  Indian  Mdnitoii'nk,  ''tree  of  the 
Spirit,"  i.  e.,  "  the  Cross.' 

The  Pottawattamie  Indians,  who  iidial)ited  that  neighhoi* 
hood  in  the  second  half  ot  the  ITth  centnry,  erected  a  large 
Cross  in  one  of  the  settlements,  hence  the  name. 

Menominee.  From  Manouunl^  or  (hniinomim,  the  Ojih- 
\va  name  of  the  tril)e  called  in  their  own  dialect,  (hmnio- 
mineu  (pronounced  O-man-o-me-na-oo),  and  l)y  the  French, 
Les  Folles  Acoinesi,  "  Wild  Rice  Indians."  Manomin  is 
the  Ojibwa  name  of  the  '^  zlzariia  aquattca'''  or  wild  rice. 

Michigan.      From    the   Indian    Jlis/ii/'f/au    (pronounced 
vie-she-e-gan)  "a  clearing;"   2Iishi,  ''firewood;"    M'l.sh'ihji. 
"he  gathers  firewood;"   MlsIiUgan,  "a   i)la('(' where    w<mm1 
has  been   cut,"    or.    "a  clearing."     The  name  is    first  jnen 
tioned  in  the  RrUitums  of  1670,  p.  07. 

The  form  Machihigaiiiny,  jjs  given  there,  is  in  the  Ottawa 
dialect  and  in  the  locative  case.  There  were  at  the  time  (»f 
the  earliest  French  visitors,  large  clearings  on  the  east  and 
west  shores  of  the  northern  part  of  Lake  Michigan. 

The  French  were  the  first  to  transfer  the  name  of  the 
shores  to  the  lake  itself.  The  original  Indian  nanu3  was 
fnhioioe-Kiichi(/(WUyi.e.,  "Great  Water  of  the  Illinois;" 


1  :>( ) 


ANNALS    OF    TOUT    MACKINAC. 


the  1 11(1  inns  still  call  Lake  Superior  Otc/iljnne-Kit<'lii<j<imi^ 
'' Great  Water  of  the  (Jliippewiis  ;"  and  Lake  Ihiroii  Oiatna- 
Aifchiijdnil,  '•  Great  Water  of  the  Ottawas;"  from  the  i)rin- 
cij^iil  trihes  on  their  shores.  The  explanation  that  Michigan 
conies  from  Mlshujaiii'i^    "  nig  Lake,"    is  erroneous. 

AIiUHiPicoTEN,  or  Mic/tipicotoii,  is  corrupted  from  the 
Ojihwa  name,  Mishlpikw(uHna,  which  means  "there  is 
high  land  in  the  foi'm  of  a  large  knob,"  or  '^i  big  blulf." 

This  term  is  a  comj)onnd  of  three  ''formatives,"  m/.s;///, 
'*  large,"  ^>/^y>,  or  y;/7v(;(<,  ''a  hall,"  or  "  a  knob,"  and  dina, 
"there  is  high  land." 

x\ccording  to  Farmer's  map,  Michipicoton  Island  reaches 
at  both  extremities  a  lu-ight  of  Son  feet.  This  accounts  for 
the  name.  From  the  island  the  name  has  been  transferred 
to  a  neighboring  bay  and  river. 

PekiratinoiK/,  |)ropei'ly  P'd'iraduuoxj,  the  locative  of 
PikiC'ddina,  the  name  under  which  "Old  Mackinac"  ap- 
pears in  Indian  history  and  legend,  has  the  same  meaning, 
less  the  additional  descriptive  //n's/ti,  "  large." 

The  term  refers  to  the  high  land,  or  blulf,  west  of 
Mackinaw   City. 

MiLLECoQU'N,  anglicized  Mlhil'oka^  corru|)ted  from  the 
(.)jibwa  J\ft.  nay  making,  or  MhiatjokuKj^  "where  there  is  a 
good  smell,"  namely,  of  tish  caught  In'  Lidian  travelers, 
who  were  always  certain  of  making  a  good  haul  in  that  neigh- 
Ixjrhood. 

MiLWAi'KEE.  The  Indian  name  is  Minewag  (pronounced 
ittin-na-wwj).  This  is  the  locative  (Mise  of  Allnewa^  which 
might  be  translated  "  tliere  is  a  good  point,"  or,  "  there  is  a 
point  where  liuckleberries  grow." 

Some  Indians  derive  the  name  from  Jltna^e,  "cumin,"  <»i 
some  similar  herb  of  strong  and  aromatic  scent,  which  is 
said  to  grow  wild  iti  that  vicinity.     The   full   name  of    the 


INDIAN    AND    FKKNCII    GEUUKAl'llk  AL    NAM1.6. 


:a 


river    is   2Unewayi-Sihl,    hence    the    forms   JLlhoki,  and 
JHUraul'ce. 

MisiiiMMAKiNA  (Mackinac  Ishmd).— We  will  consider 
the  popular  exphmations, — ^' Big  Tnrtle,''  "Island  of  the 
(liaut    Fairies,"  and  ^'IsLindof  tlie  Dancini>-  Fairies.'' 

The  nsna!  rendering,  'vHig  Turtle,"  agrees  well  with  the 
Indian  legend  according  to  which  the  Ishmd  of  Mackinac 
was  origiiudly  a  Maniton  in  the  shape  of  a  giant  turtle. 
As  it  is  said  that  Jlenahosho  was  the  maker  of  a  new  world, 
and  icas  horn  on  the  Bhj  Turtle  Maud,  this  exjilanation  of 
the  term  is  rather  tem})ting;  miglit  it  not  serve  to  connect 
the  Indian  legend  with  Asiatic  cosmogonv  accordinii;  to 
wliich  the  loorld  resist  on  a  (jlant  turtle/ 

There  is,  liowever,  one  great  ditHcultv, — "  IJiii'  Turtle,'^ 
in  tlie  western  Algic  dialects,  would  1)0  niishl-nilki nak^  and 
the  name  of  the  Island  is  Mi-^hi-urrruiklna.  In  the  "  loca- 
tive" case  the  difference  is  still  greater:  Mlshi-inlklnakon(j 
and  Mishi-nim.akinang. 

The  insertion  of  the  syllahle  ""  m,"  ^^^'^^  tl^^  ahsence  of 
the  final  "A;"  in  Mtshinunjiklna  can  only  he  accounted 
for  hy  the  assum]ition  of  two  ancient  forms:  viis/rlni  for 
" /// Ay/; /,"  and  niakina  for  "•  ntikhuiky  There  is  a  hare 
possihility  that  these  forms  were  once  in  use. 

'"  Island  of  the  Giant  Fairies."  In  a  manner  this  ren- 
dering may  be  accepted.  According  to  Indian  belief,  the 
MisJt'uiintakina-yoy,  L  e.,  the  })eo})le  of  Mishlniniaklnay 
are  solitary  wanderers,  whose  ])resence  in  tlu-  woods  is 
betrayed  by  the  report  of  their  guns,  to  see  them  being 
impossil)le — a  kind  of  Indian  fairies. 

The  fact  underlying  this  belief.— ai)parently  of  modern 
origin, —  mav  ]X)ssibly  have  heiMi  the  fate  of  tlie  broken-U]> 
tribe  or  band  of  the  Mis/il luimtki  Imlians,  who,  perhaps,, 
preferred  a  solitary  life  in  the  woods  to  being  absorbed  by 
other  tribes.     This  however  is  a  mere  surmise. 


152 


ANNALS    OF   FOliT    JUACJKINAC. 


"Island  of  the  Dancin*;-  Fairies.'"  This  explatiation  refts 
•on  ihe  presence  of  the  syllable  "•  nhn  "  in  the  name  of  the 
island.  J/is/ii,  "  great ;"  nimi,  "  he  dances  ;  "  alt,  "  land  ; " 
hence,  Mh/iinirnaki,  "  the  n-reat  dancing  land." 

From  being  the  name  of  the  place,  it  became  that  of  the 
inhabitants,  as  in  the  case  of  the  Ahoiakl  ( Wahanaki ^ 
^'Fastland,"  also  "Eastlander"),  and  tinallj  Mishin'mud'hhi, 
"the  home  of  the  people  of  the  great  dancing  land,"  was 
formed. 

On  etymological  grounds  the  derivation  of  the  nanu' 
from  the  root  ";i^/?^"  is  hardly  admissible;  for  the  "*"  in 
this  root  is  long,  while  the  corresponding  vowel  in  MisJi- 
inhnalxlna  is  short.  Besides,  the  proper  way  of  compounding 
*''"nwi'''  with  ''^akV'^  w^ould  be  nimhcahi — "dancing  land." 

MoxASTiQUE — Manistique  (Rivcr).  From  the  French 
La  MaRutiqiLe.  The  Indian  name  is  Onaiaanithjo-Sihi, 
^'Vermilion  River." 

MuNisiNG.  An  Indian  name  given  by  the  whites  to  a  town 
on  the  shore  opposite  Grand  Island,  Lake  Suj)erior.  Tlie 
term  is  intended  for  oninissbKj,  the  locative  case  of  miniss, 
"  island."  Manattati  is  the  same  word  in  one  of  the  eastern 
<lialects. 

Naubinway — Nahinwe — "echo." 

The  prefix  7iab  implies  repetition  or  imitation ;  the  verb 
inioe  means  "he  gives  out  x  sound,"  or  "he  speaks  in  a  cer- 
tain maimer ;  hence  NaVmv^e — "  he  repeats  a  sound,"  or  "  lie 
€ays  the  same  thing  again." 

An  Indian  by  the  name  of  Nahinioe  formerly  lived  at  the 
place  which  bears  his  name. 

Nkgaunee.  The  result  of  an  attempt  to  translate  the 
word  "Pioneer."  "Pioneer  Furnace"  was  the  original 
name  of  the  settlement. 

The  Indian  niyani^  means  "he  walks  foremost." 


INDIAN'    AND    Flil'Nl  II    (ilv  XiKAI'II  K  AL    NAMKr 


153 


NoiTAWA.  Iiidiiin,  Xiidoirv  (|>r(»ii()iiii(.'L'(.l  /HoZ-o-im)  the 
niiiHc  given  by  the  Ali^n.iikiii  trihes  to  both  Inxjuuis  iind 
II 11  rolls. 

It  is  also  the  name  of  a  sj)L'cies  of  snake. 

(h)jiBWE — O'-jib-ina  (Enu;li.sli — Cliii)})o\va)  etymologici'^ly 
means  "one  who  drinks  while  holdini;-  tlie  liqnid  at  the 
extremity  of  the  lips,'  i.  e.,  by  sii)pIno'.  The  word  is  not 
in  practical  use;  but,  if  an  Indian  holds  a  bowl  of  soup  to 
his  mouth  and  then  draws  in  or  "sips"  tlie  soup,  they  will 
sometimes  for  a  joke,  say  '^ o<ljihim-m'uiikwe^' — "he  drinks 
in  Ojibwa  fasliion." 

Why,  when  and  where  the  term  was  applied  to  the  tribe, 
is  unknown. 

Ontonagan    River.     Indian,    Nimlonagan,    "  my  dish." 
The  oriii^in  of  tlie  name  is  i»-iven  in    I^aniga's  dicti£»nary  as 
follows : — 

"A  squaw  once  went  to  this  river  to  fetch  water  with  an 
Indian  earthen  di&h,  but  unfortunately  the  dish  escaped  from 
lier  hand  and  went  to  the  bottom  of  the  river,  whereupon 
the  poor  squaw  beij^an  to  lament :  ^\7^/,  nind  onayan,  nind 
oiuujaii^ — "Ah,  my  di-^li !  my  dish."  Such  is  the  Indian 
tradition. 

Ottawa.  Indian  Otawa  (pronounced  o-tah-wau,  the  second 
syllable  being  k)ng). 

Tlie  meaning  of  the  word  is  doubtful.  Alost  Algonkin 
tribes  arc  named  after  their  ancient  homes.  If  such  be  the 
case  with  the  Ottawas,  their  name  may  possibly  be  derived 
from  the  root  tavi  or  tay:a^  "an  opening,"  "a  gap,"  "a  pas- 
sage through,"  and  refer  to  the  strait  which  separates  Mani- 
touliii,  the  home  of  the  tril)e  before  its  dispersion  in  105U, 
from  the  northern  main  land. 

The  pretix  "o,"  and  before  vowels,  "od,"  is  commonly 
used    for    the    pur^^ose   of    changing    to])ographical    names 


154: 


AXXAI.S    OF    Four    MA(  KINAC. 


into  those  of  })L'rsoiis  or  tribes.  Tims,  IVotii  t^sayi,  '•tlic 
inoiith  ol'  a  rivei',""  is  derived  ^Av/r//,  •' Saidc "  or  "Sac;" 
from  if</iJi'tr(i(j(iini  "the  last  lake,''  is  formed  (h/lf^hkwu- 
(/(imi,  "Algoiicjuiii  ; "  from  tnjinn'nKj,  ''on  the  other  side 
of    the  water,"    (Jdar/dnd ,  ''  Vn\   Indiar./' 

Some  have  derived  the  name  Otawa  from  ataioc^  "lie 
trades,"  or  atiiiotirinini,  "a  trader;*"  and  since  tlie  ( )tta\v;i> 
were  jjjreat  fur  traders,  that  dei'ivation  mijjjht  seem  applicahle  ; 
hut  the  ehanij;e  irom  Atitii't  into  <H(iira^  slight  as  it 
may  appear  to  Kmrlish  s|)eakin*;'  persons,  is  inadmissihle 
in  the  Ali^ie  dialects.  It  is  true  that  in  the  form  Ondu- 
idiiMKHit,  under  which  the  trihe  became  first  known  to  the 
French,  the  letter  "a"  appeal's  in  the  place  of  "  o,"  hut 
that  form  is  evidently  the  Huron  reiHU'rini"-  of  the  Aliiic 
name.  Hence  the  name  OiHlatatoaicdi  was  very  soon 
dropped,  and  < hifdouiics.  the  j)lural  of  Otawa,  in  a  French 
H'uise,  substituted. 

Pktoskkv.  Indian,  /j/'flifs-'^ff/e,  "the  sun  is  coming  on." 
or  "it  is  near  sunrise;"  the  name  of  (I/^natius  Petoskey) 
an  ( )ttawa  Indian  born  about  1787  near  Manistee. 

This  word  is  one  of  those  com[)oundvS  peculiar  to  Indian 
tontrnes,  in  which  the  endinir  of  a  verb  indicates  its  sub- 
ject,  (■'.(/.,  wai^,s(  '((Lsalye,  "the  sun  shines,"  mwhwasalye,  "the 
sun  looks  red." 

The  initial  formative  ^/</  implies  a  motion  In  the  direction 
of  the  speaker,  an  approach ;  e.  g.  hi</af<s!n,  "  it  is  driven 
liither  by  the  wind,"  hidlpo,  "a  snow  storm  is  coming  on." 

Note. — NHrrosniNo  (the  father  of  Petoskey),  pronounced 
iia-e-toHh-'ru(/,  "one  who  arrives  in  the  nick  of  time." 

IvKWAY-K.v-iJA-wiKWA  (tlic  wifc  of  Pctoskey),  Giweyaha- 
wiktce,  "she  turns  around,  standing;"  (jlwe,  "he  turns;" 
(/(ih(( i'v\  '"  ha  stands;"  the  ending /v/v  from  akwe  {OtUiwn) 
or  ik'ice  (Ojibwa)  shows  that  the  bearer  of  the  name  is  a 
female. 


INMAX    A.N'M    FKKNCII    (.  i:<  M.IIA  I'lIK  Al.    NAMKS. 


1 


i.> 


The  niaPcuHiic  endiiiii  df  Imliaii  nanics.  in  tlie  Alii'ic 
dialects,  is  inhii,  **iiiaii:"  al>(»  ualx^  (il>,\  ulns,  and  hi  wis, 
f.  </.  Ahifdwinuii^  ''Half  Man;"  A  n!-</n)i(il»\  '•  Indian:*' 
l\if<-/n,n<ihe,''\)\(r  hvwA  \"  Anilx'-s,  -littlL'  !)L'ast;"  M<o/jt- 
/•///v.v,  "  first  born."  Tiii'su  cndin^-s,  liowever,  occur  only 
in  a  very  limited  inunhei-  of  names.  Tbe  li'ender  of  most 
masculine  proper  names  is  suHiciently  indicated  by  tlic  ali- 
sence  of  the  feminine  cndiiii;'. 

Tlius — Pa(jn'(int<i[]Uj.  ■•  Ilole-in-tlie-sky  "  (not  ''Hole  in 
tlie  day,"  as  connnonly  rendei'ed),  is  ma^cidine. 

I*a{/v)ane(/Jji(j(ikir(\,  is  feminine. 

We</janiViivetre(//'J/'(/,  "  Tliimderinii'  noise  ai'ound  the  lioi'i- 
zou,"  is  masculine. 

We<fjaniinH'!eii'<('(/iji(j()hine^  is  fennnine. 

In  a  number  of  names  ordimirilv  iiivcn  to  females,  the 
feminine  ending  is  likewise  wanting. 

Xeyas.  Ni'ids,  is  the  Ottawa  corruption  of  rlu-  Frencli 
Ignace  {Ljuidius).  This  nevci-  formed  a  part  of  i'etobkey'o 
Indian  name,  but  is  the  name  which  was  ii'iven  to  lum  at 
his  l)aptism. 

NiaU  has  no  meaning  in  Indian  ;  Bidassiyc  alone  in- 
chides  both  ideas,  that  of  ''  tlie  sun,"  and  that  of  his 
"comiuir  on." 


Til 


PoTNTK    La   Barbe 

dl  k 


Beard  Point."  or  "Barb    Point. 

th 


le  well  known  po])ulai'  explanation  ascribing  the  origin 
of  the  name  to  the  fact  that  the  nff/(/(/<  t//'s\  on  their  re- 
turn to  Mackinac,  by  way  o-'  Lake  Michigan,  used  to  shave 
— se  faive  la  barhe — on  that  ])oi!it,  admits  of  some  reason- 
abh'  doubt.  The  western  extremity  of  Pointe  La  Harbe 
resemldes  so  much  a  barb,  i.  c\,  the  point  of  an  arrow  or  fish- 
hook, that  the  thouglit  of  its  having  been  so  called  on  that 
account,  suggests  itself  very  naturally.  In  modern  French 
the   term    "harhe^^    is    not  used    in  that  sense,  except    in 


156 


ANNALS    OK    FoIiT    M  \(  KINAO. 


botany;  but  it  liad  not  become  ohsoleto  toward  the  end  of 
the  17th  eentury,  at  whicli  time  most  of  the  promiiuMir 
geographical  features  of  the  hiku  country  received  their 
French  a[)pellations. 

PoiNTE  St.  ViiAL.  Fatlier  Allouez  on  his  journey  from 
Sault  Ste.  Marie  to  Green  I>ay,  encamped  at  tliat  point  on 
tlie  night  of  tlie  3d  and  left  there  on  the  4:th  of  November, 
16tl9,  the  latter  being  the  day  on  wliieh  the  martyr  St.  Vital 
is  commen)orated  in  the  Itoman  otHce. 

PouFFE-rrES.  A  corruption  of  Bovffettcs^  "bows"  (of 
ribbons)  or  "knots,"  and  so  called  from  the  remarkable 
curvatures  of    the  shore,  resembling  a  triple   knot. 

The  popular  derivation  from  epoiix  faits  "husl)ands 
made,"  because  "numbers  of  couples  used  to  be  married 
there  upon  the  arrival  of  some  tra  /eling  missionary,"  belongs 
to  the  realm  of  sportive  etymology. 

IlABBrrs  Back.  The  Indian  name  is  Wahos  Namadallrh 
"sitting  rabbit,"  from  the  appearance  of  tlie  bluff  when 
seen  at  some  distance.  The  pagan  Indians  were  in  the  habir 
of  offering  a  sacrifice  in  the  form  of  tobacco  strewn  on  tin- 
water  (whtju  passing  that  jioint  on  a  journey),  for  a  spirit,  or 
rather  two,  which  were  supposed  to  preside  over  that  neigh 
borhood. 

Wahofi  Nahe-Aiaa^  "  the  male  ral)bit,"  and  Wahos  Ilwc- 
Aiaa,  "  the  female  rabbit;"  the  former  being  represented 
by  the  higher  bluff,  the  latter  by  the  lower,  about  a  mile  to 
the  south  of  Ilabbit's  Back. 

Saugatuck.     Indian  SagataJc,  "at  the  mouth  "  (of  a  riven. 

Skilligallee.  a  remarkable  corruption  of  the  French 
" /c'6-  hlci^  aux  Oalets^^^ — the  Pebbly  Islands. 


T\I>r\N     \.\1»    VUVS(  II    (.|.<M,i;  AiMllt  AI.    \  A  M  1. 


157 


011(1  of 

mimnit 
1  their 

sy  from 
•oint  oil 
/■einbor, 
it.  Vital 

78 "      (of 

larkablu 

iiisbaiuls 
married 
belont^s 

&  wlien 
the  habit 
1  on  the 
spirit,  (»r 
at  neitijh- 

■)0S  ll'we- 
preseiiteil 
a  mile  Xo 

f  a  riven. 
0  Freiieh 


Si.  b.NAcK.  —  niiiiictl  ill  li.,ii..i-  «>f  I^^rinrius  (l.>  buv(.hi 
(I).  litM,  (I.  ir*.')*!).  the'  b»iiii(l('i'  (.f  the  urch'r,  or  'mIic  Society 
of  .fesiis." 

XM)(t\vi:iv\vi:iAMi^ii.  ••rlic  ini-eralilc  b;iv  nf  tlic  Iliinms,"  is 
the  Indian  iiaiiie  (»f  Sr.  iii'iiace.  It  i>  uciicrallv  ux-d  iti  tlic 
hjeativi'  case:  .\  ii</',)ir,  f,'ti't  lii  niis/n  wj  '^  wi,  i(..  or  fi'oni  St. 
Ignaee." 

Thf  word  iri  contracted  fi'oiii  XiiJoir,  ,i'il:,i',  'nim  Ish  :  — 
Sddoirr.  '•Huron":  ir!J,m,  !,i,  ••  there  is  a  hav";  "///."  no.s- 
sessivt'  atKx  :  '•  As//.""  vitii|M'rariv('  and  euiiinnx'rativc  ftnliiiij 
(ini|)lyiiiii'  conteiiipt  (»r  |»itvj. 

Tiiis  eiidini:',  a|>i)ai'ently  <juite  inappivtpriate,  i>  ace. .iiiitc<l 
fur  by  lo\('  of  banter,  a  (diaractcristic  of  the  Ottawas,  the 
former  neiuhbors  and  (h)ul)tfnl  friends  of  rhe  Huron,-  at  St. 
If;'naee.  The  fact  (d'  the  Iluroiis  ha\inn  tal<en  |>os>e>siou  of 
the  k'vel  ground  surr<»uu(Hnii'  Kast  Moi-an  Hay,  !tef(»re  the 
arrival  of  the  Ottawas,  may  lia\e  rai-etj  the  envy  <.f  the 
latter,  and  thus  oeeasione(l  tlie  coinini;'  (d'  tiie  ••  nickname.*" 

A  diif'erent  exphmation  is  n'iven  in  I5arana"s  (h'ciiouarv — 
it  runs  thus: — *'  y(i<h)ii'rkii'<  idiuis/i  [»ro})erly  sit^-iiities  "Had 
bay  of  the  Ii\»<|uois  scjuaw."  " 

An  Iniban  tradition  says:  "The  Iru(|Uoi>  [  Xin/mi',  ij], 
who  formerly  possessed  this  l'.ay.  were  attacd^ed  there  by 
their  enemies,  and  behaved  like  old  squaws,  nntil  they  were 
all  killed.""  From  this  circnni>tance.  thev  .-•av.  the  i»lace 
obtained  its  Indian  name. 

If  it  can  l)e  e>tablished  tiiat  the  endiiiu'  iim,  oi'  <i(im, 
sijj'uities  a  bav,  this  exjdanatioii  ndi^ht  be  dcd'ende(l,  .drhouuh 
to  reeoneile  ail   known  facts  of  hi>t(jrv  with 


■}• 


10- 


it    is   (litHcult     to  reeonei 
the  Indian  tradition. 

The   circumstance    that    the   foi-niei'  preseiK-e  of  the    T 
nontate    Ilurons  at   St.  Ignace  was  all   but  foro-otten    in  tlie 
latter   part  of    the   last  century,  may  have  led   to  the  inv 
tion  of  that  storv. 


en- 


wmB 


158 


ANNALS    OF    FoRT    M\(  K[N\(' 


Xili/nir,     HUMUS    "  Irti((Ul»iK  "    MS    well  as    "Ilurnii."       Aid/' 

oil'* hii'i\  "all  Iro<|ii(>i,>  stjiiaw.'"  Ilt'iicc,  it"  am,  or  tJitm, 
sigiiifh's  a  hay,  \iiih>ir,'l,,r,  ninkish  would  he  "tlic  itii-icrablu 
l»ay  of  tlie  Inxjiiois  sijiiaw." 

SiAMP  o.      I-'roiii  rlu'  Indian  ( >s<iirii,itiliniHj,  tlu'  locativt'  of 

(>s<(ir<tniih\     •*  Vt'lloW     licavcl'."         Tilt'     st'ttloiliciir      lictwcrji 

(irct'ii    r»av  and   (  )('.»iito   is  iiieiitioiicd    in   tliu    U' (iifimi.s  <>j' 


T 


A  \V  A  ■ 


!• 


'rdlll     (>finr,ins,    nv     ( /f,/ /r/(.s,     "  I.ittlc    (  )rta 


\va. 


rlir  iianu'  of  an  Indian  chief,  who  (Hicu  livL'<l  in   tliac   iu.'ii;ii- 
horhood. 

^VAn.o^MAN(•K,  Wfff/ihs/n'.s,  ''alitrlt'  fo\' ; "  from  n'mjonlt, 
a  t'o\,  with  tilt'  diniiniiti\t'  cndini;'  "  '  *,"  oi'  "  r//,v/' 

Waiitn.  Tlie  Indian  >|tt'lli!iu-  is  Wiihini  ( j)ronounctMl 
iridi-lxiii).  It  means  "the  earlv  morniim-,  or  "the  day  is 
dawninti','*   also  "  east." 

Wisconsin,  The  Indian  name  for  the  eonntrv  is  IIV.v//- 
/•0//.V  ,'    in    the    locativi'    ease,    W  i.s/ih<>iif<in(j'     ft>r    the    river. 


Tl 


ic      on 


has  tl''^  nasal  sound  as   in  I-'reiieh.      Tin.;  me. in 


iiiii' of  WisJihoiis  was  pmhahly  "a  prairie."  or  >im|»ly  "li'ra.--." 

From  the  fa<'t  that  some  early  writers  spelled  it  ''  M>si;>ii 

sukl"  also  "Jl/'sco/isJ/t,''  it  miii'lit  he   inferred  that  the  naim 

of    the  river  was  orii:'inallv  Mitshkofisitri-Sihl — ''irrass  river." 


Proiiuiieiation  of  \'owels  and  Consuiiants  in  the  (Jhippewa 


(Al- 


on(|Uiii)  lanLi'iiJiiije 


a 


in 


fatl 


ler 


e  as  in  net, 
y  as  in  ii:et. 
'/  as  ill  live. 
o  as  in  bone. 

j  as  in  the  Frencli  langnai»-e  {nh). 
i  between  vowels,  as  ''y''  in  beyond. 


View  of  Fort  ''''ackinac  from  the  Southwest. 


WAP    OF 


KI,\7I('  ISIi/INO, 


M  I  (  •  H  I  G  A  N  . 


11/  t"  Ai'l  I'f  rmiiiresa  in  ISSj,  by 
I).  H.  Keltun. 

le,  2  inches  to  1  Mile. 


.■j"v^>Wilri 


LU 


Jonx-jACOB-AsTOR  Ijoisi: 

MACKINAC    ISLAND,  MICH. 


;ii:ical)qu;irttrs  of  the  American  |ur  d^ompanij. 

\     Stabquartcrs  of  the  ^nn  anii  Haoij  uMtirers. 


« 


///f  AS  TO  A'  HOL'SE  is  couvcninitly  located^ 
NEAR  the  Southern  entrance  to  Fokt  Maikinai  ; 
is  provided  luith  gvod  rooms,  oood  />eds,  io7\oe  par- 
lors, tioo  pianos,  four  billiard  tables,  bath  rooms, 
barbels    shop,   telephones,    laroe   office    and   rcadi 


no- 


las,  and  an  observatory  on  the  top 


o\ 


i:x''  ' 


tc,  daily    from    tin 


room,  pine  vcrani 
of  the  j)iain  bull  din 

Fresh  Milk,   Batter,   E 
"'A  star  Far  mi' 

Guests  of  this  house  oxi.v  have  access  to  the  origi- 
nal Books  OF   ihe  Oii'  American   Fi  k  CcMrAW 
IV hie h    nave    attracted   .^o  miuh    attention   from  the 
Anti(juarians  of  Europe  and  America. 


ACCOMMtihATKLNS  r<»l!  .".imi  (.CKSTS 


JOHN     R.    BOGAN. 


JAMES    F.  CABLE, 

Proprietor. 


Clerk, 


LlNTSKOKl>    B.    CdATES. 


GtuKiih:  T.  Aknoi.i*. 


COATES'  &  ARNOLD'S  WHARF 

MACKINAC  ISLAND,  MICH, 

i 


iliii 


(I 


( 


'"'( 


((' 


(1 


^P 


^ 


TICKET  AND  TELEHHAPH  OFFICES  ON  THE  DOCK, 

M.SO, 

Baggage  Rooms,  aud  Ladies'  and  Gents'  Waiting  Rooms, 


DF.Ai.lHs     IN  - 


Wood,  Hard^^  Soft  Coal 

HAY,  CORN,  OATS  AND  STRAW, 
I'lTsli  aiul  Sail  risli, 

Fish-  Barrels,  Salt,  Twine s. 


AND  NETTING. 


.A.EJWi:"5r     J^vISTD     IS3-.A.-V"5r     COTTTR.A.CTOKS- 


IH  m  WHOLESALE  ANB  RETAIL  mW  Ml 

We  keep  on  hand  a  large  supply  of  the  BLST  I'AMILV  GR0C1:R1I:S. 


ICE    FOR    SALE. 

We  have  the  larj^^est    Ice    House  in  tlie  World,  well    sU-cked  with   Mackinac  Ice. 

OFFICE   ON    WHARF. 


^.  „ 


TECUMSEH. 


ESX_A-BI-,ISEIEID     1334. 


JOHN  R.BAILEY 


nvcA^OKzusT-A^c,    nyLxcs- 


DKAI.HH     IN 


Diu'ds  AM)  Medicines 

Native  aiul  Foreign  Mineral  Waters,  Etc., 
ftnfials  af  port  [flackinac, 

Books,  Stationery,  Ci(;ars 


-ANn 


CnNFECTIDNERY. 

PiireWiiusaiMl  Liiiiiors  IVirMciliriiial  l'iir])()ses. 


Prescriptions  Carefully  Cdmpounded. 


DR.  JOHN    R.  BAILEY 

U.  S.  EXAMINING  SURGEON. 

Late  Surgeon  l\  S.   Vols.,  late  attendirii::  Swgeon  at  F.-'ri  .Ifarkinac. 

OFFICE  IN  DRUG  STORE. 

Summer  Residence,  adjoiniii;,-  Island  House.   Mackinac. 

Winter  Residence,  Cliltside  Cottai,'e,  St.   1-nace,   Mich. 

Store  and  Residence  Connected  by  Telephone. 


PYRAMID  ROCK. 


View  from  Steps  of  P,  E.  Church. 


■\Fli  ilAKt.  MiNally. 


Patukk  I>onnei.lv. 


McNallv  cS:  Donnrll 


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ti-. 


J 


A^<^ 


^^M/i/MdMam 


,^cr^ 


3vr^^CK:x3sr.^c    isr^^^isriD,    nynicii. 


M(\X((llil  \  honnrJhj  Ix'ti  fo  i}tf(trui  tin  futh- 
h'c  fluff  fhvii  have  voiisfunflij  on  Iniiid  flir 
f()ll()iring  provisions,  irliirli  arc  stort'tl  in  flieir 

MAMMOTH   KHI'RIC.IiKATOKS: 

»T^J  FRESH  {o^ 

Beef,  Bacon,               Trout,  Geese, 

Mutton,  Hams,                Oysters,  Butter, 

Veal,  Lard,                  Chickens,  Eggs, 

Pork,  Sausage,             Ducks,  Cheese, 


Venison,       Whitefish, 


Turkeys,         Salt, 


AND    Ar.l,    KINDS   OF 


Choice  \EGETAr)LEs  received  Daily  by  Expre 


>x 


VESSELS  PROVISIONED  AT  SHORTEST  NOTIOE. 


IT.   S    Ar'nxy  ctrccl  JSTcti^y  Corttvctctors. 

l\LsiiLPCtge  for  Morses  ctnd  Cat  fie. 


s  ■'iv*S\>--  •• 


ME-TE-A , 


S.  HIGHSTONE 


^i.i.l' 


Mackinac  Island,  Mich. 


/ 


^rrf^ 


Best  Assort))U')it  iii  (he  Nortlnccst  of  Rare  Sficl/s, 

Minerals,  Lake  Superior  Aoates and  Auietlixsts, 

Indian  J\/>es,  Wanipiini,  W'ar-Clnhs,  Tona- 

liai<.dy:s,  Sealpino  Knives,  Indian  Head 

Dresses,   Bows  and  .  Irroics, 


Eagles  Feathers,  Bears    Clah's,  Pore n pine  Skins, 
Arroic  Heads,  Spears,  Jyoomerangs,  Siunc-Shoes, 
Maekinae  Canes,  Fishing  Poles,  ete.. 

And  all   kinds   of  ClPfOSrilFS, 


A   beanti/nl  Line    of    Poreupine-Onill  and  Sweet- 
Grass     Work,    Ineluding   Seented    Table-Mats, 
Canoes,    Satekels,    Port/olios,    Retienles, 
LLandkerehief    /)Oxes,     Miniature 
Moeocks  of  Maple  Sugar, 


Call  and  see  Indians  at  Work  Making  llie  Articles  we  offer  for  sale. 


Aini^ils  of  port  M^^^^^^^^^^^'- 


Price,  2S  Cents. 


By  Mail,  30  Cents. 


^^Mj^mj^suf^ 


View  in  Fort. 


Picturesque  Macki-^ac    IsiancJ 


This  Great  Historic  Summer   Resort  and   Sanitarium   is    reached  try  the 
Detroit  &,  Cleveland  Steam  Navigation  Company 

by  their  pleasant  route  through  the  lakes,  witii  a  splendid  hne  of 
palatial  side-wheel  iron  steamers,  the  largest,  swiftest  and  most  luxu- 
rious of  any  o.-"  fresh  water.  Steamers  City  of  Mackinac  and  C  ty  of 
Cleveland  lea\e  Detroit  every  Wednesday  a'ld  Friday  morning  at  10 
o'clock,  and  Monday  and  S^.turaay  nights  at  22  o  clock,  standard  time. 

A  round  trip  to  MciCKinac  occupies  two  and  t^^ee  quartets  days 
from  Detroit,  or  four  and  a  half  days  from  Cleveiand.  The  steamers 
stop  at  Mackinac  Island  both  going  and  returnirg,  which  gives  from 
four  to  SIX  hours  to  view  the  wonders  and  cunosites,  or  thiitysix  hours 
may  be  had  by  waiting  for  tne  next  following  steamer.  A?  lu'.nd  tnp 
tickets  aie  good  to  return  by  either  tte  '.mer  at  any  time.  )0ur  stay  >.an 
be  prolonged  as  desired, 


-'■'^ — im     -  ,'jif 


•fft\H-^ 


Mackinac  Is-a'^d,  ,31  seen  from  the  tiecUs  0*  Stearre'^s 

A  summer  trip  is  planned  for  a  change  from  the  excitement  of 
business  and  monotony  of  household  cares  to  a  quiet  return  to  Nature, 
for  rest  and  recreation. 

A  trip  by  water  affords  the  relief  sought,  as  no  other  medium  will, 
with  plenty  of  fresh  air  and  ample  time  for  a  good  view  of  tlie  varied 
scenery,  tiie  mo<;t  attractive  to  be  found.  The  cost  is  the  least  possible 
per  day,  for  an  equ.:il  number  of  days'  recreation. 

Between  Cleveland  and  Detroit  the  company's  stt  omers,  City  of 
Detroit  and  Northwest,  leave  every  evening  (except  Surday>  at  20  30 
o'clock  from  Cleveland,  and  22  o'clock  from  D<-tioit,  arriving  at  e  ther 
city  the  following  morning  at  5.30  o'clock,  in  time  ^or  all   ea-'ly  trains. 

Folders,  showing  the  oird's  eye  view  of  Mackinac  Island  and  the 
Lake  Route  sent  free,  or  enc'o^e  25  cents  for  illustrated  book,  entitled, 
"A  Lake  Tour  to  Picturesque  Mackinac." 

C.  D.  Whitcomb,  General  passenger  agent. 

No.  6  Wayne  Street,  Detroit,  Mich. 


/;<:^yM^ 


Hon    T.  W.  FEKRY.  Ex-U.  S  Senator. 


PRICE,    TWENTY-FIVE    CENTS. 


Bv    Mail,    SO   Cents. 


^2^2^^  I^S 


OF 


FOJZ  T  M^\.  CICIJS^^.  C 


y 


BY 


\ 


DWUiHT    11.     KELT  ON 


V.    S.    ARMS' 


m 


s?-. 


ISLAND    EDITION 
18  8  1. 


rOR    >ALi:    [5V 


.SVt'  Mji-kiihi:  Ishuid  AJvcrti^cnients) 


PAL'LN'  <-'c  DICKISON.  .Si.  Iwnac!:.  Mich. 
L.  I.  WILLF.rs,  Ma<  KixAW  City,  Mich. 
JAMKS  ANCiLIM  c^  CO..  WamiiX' .lox,  D.  C. 
ROBERT  CLARKE  \  CO..  Ci\(  inn.vti.  Ohio. 


•V*' 


tW^%M% 


::.:W 


SHABONEE. 


^ 


(LwflGO  •:  ^IfnOdlTIES^- 


By  H.  H.  HURLBUr 

vast  iiiimljer  of  old  MSS.  Sc;hedales,  Lists  of 
Names,  Auti)graphs,  Sketches  of  eniinent  me.) 
^  and  their  famihes,  Celebrated  Indians,  their 
^  Wars  and  Ti-eaties,  Protraits,  Maps  and  Plates 
all  whicli,  connected  \A/ith  a  racy,  running  comnnent- 
ary  froni  a  free  and  easy  pen,  make  up  the  iDody  of 
the  >vork,  and  furnish  one  of  the  niosi  entertaining 
and  at  the  same  time  valualole  historical  books  yet 
published.  It  is  executed  in  the  best  style  of  typo- 
graphical art,  and  best  of  all,  this  great  storehouse 
of  historical  cuid  genealogical  information  is  r^endered 
readily  available  by  an  excellent  index,  the  lack  uf 
which  has  spoiled  so  m&ny  otherwi-se  really  valuab  e 
^vorks. — N.  K.  llis(.  (Uid  (yi  nt ,"/  Ihi/Uter. 


This  vnlumE  \A^ili  be  ssnt,  BxprESS 
charges  paldj  ta  th;jse  who  rnay  Drdsr 
it,     PricEj  17,50  C,  □,  D. 

]VI.r>S     H  ATT  IE    P.  HURLEUT, 

N   ,  4-1   SnUTH  ANN  STREET, 

CKICAGG,  111. 


^i 


PREPARING    FOR    THE    PRESS 

Our  Inland  S^'a<.  and   l^arlv  l.akc  Xavi.^aiidii' 

By  HENRY    H.  HURLBUT, 

Author  :f  "Chicago  Antiquities." 


North  Sally-Port. 


Wm.    V     I'liDSTOK. 


TlIOS.    Dol.AN. 


Everett:- House 


ST.  IGNACE,  MICHIGAN. 


^ 


Accommodations  for  200  Guests 


77/ r  Err  re  U  Ihnisc  is  hcaiif  ij'ii  U 1/  situ  (tied, 
Intriiiii  ((  irahr  j'roiil .  and  on/ij  a  short  dis- 
f((iic('  from  Hie  Unilrond  l)i'//ot  <( nd  the  /jriiici- 
pal  SIcmnhiKit    Ijdidinu. 

The  u  (I  I  urn/  si-cin'rij.  ((s  rirircd  from  I  he 
Ererclt   House,  is  //id  11  i-csijii c  and  rharm  1  }i'j>. 

The  house  coiihuiis  all  modern  im/rrorc- 
111  en  Is. 


PRICES  FAIR  AND  SEASDNASLE 


PRESTON  &  DOLAN, 


V/ILLIAM     HOWARD. 

Clerk. 


Managers. 


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THE  "GRIFFON." 

The  First  Vessel  on  the  Upper  Lakes. 
Built  by  LaSalle,  1679. 


-the: "— 


\ 


ST.KiNAci-  i;i:rri!i.ic.\.v 

P.  D.  BISSEL5  ,  Editor. 

ST.  IGNACE.  MACKINAC  CO.,  MICH. 

Ms  PUBLISHED  evrry  Satiuclaij  morning  at  Sf. 
7^  Ignacc,  the  most  southern  point  of  the  Upper 
Peninsula  of  Michigan,  at  the  Straits  terminus  of  the 
Detroit,  Mackinac  and  Manjuetie  Railroad.  The 
IvKiM  r.M(  AN  is  a  representative  newspaper  of  the 
(jnrving  city  of  St.  U.suii—not  indijtlij  termed  the 
''Gatkwav  Cnv"  of  N<>i:Tiii;i:\  sin  wi^.w  - liaving 
for  its  chief  aim  the  diffusion  oj  such  relialjle  in- 
formation regarding  the  city  wherein  published,  the 
famed  Mm  kism  Isi.am»  Simmku  Ki:>(>in,  tlw  County 
of  Maclunac,  and  the  whole  Upper  Fenninsula  region, 
as  will  be  of  interest  to  Inc  general  reader,  and  con- 
tribute to  the  development  and  settlement  of  a  section 
hitherto  overlooked,  even  by  the  people  of  our  own 
Commonwealth,  wfiich  offers  to  the  farmer  and  the 
laboring  man,  the  lumberman  and  miner,  the  tradesman 
and  manufacturer,  and  all  conditions  of  men,  a  most 
desirable  field  for  settlement  and  investment. 


ADVERTISING     RATES. 

VKH    INCH    SI'ACE. 

Transient  Advertisements,  per  month, 

Six  Months,      .        .       $6  00  I   One  Year, 


Per  Year, 


TERMS. 
^1^  00  I  5a'  Months, 


$2  00 
10  00 

$1  00 


<"^M^, 


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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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i3  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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Col.  G.  S.  HUBBARD. 
Proprietor  of  Hubbard's  Annex. 


C  W.  CASKEY, 

Contractor  m  Builder 


OF 


SUMMER  COTTAGES, 


AM)    1)EAI.ER    IN 


LUMBER,  LATH,  SHINGLES,  and  ALL  KINDS  of  BUILDING  MATERIAL 

Lumber  Yards  at  Harbor  Springs,  and  St.  Iguacc,  Mich. 


Have  had  a  large  experience  in  the  building  and  arranging  of 
Summer  Cottages,  having  hjuilt  more  than  looo  Cottages  during  the 
past  five  years. 

Having  my  own  Lumber  Yards  and  Factories,  1  am  never  delayed 
for  want  of  material. 

I  have  a  corps  of  skilled  workmen,  so  tfiat  a  l)uilding  can  be 
erected  as  rapidly  as  the  nature  of   the  work  will  perjnit. 

Lots  for  sale  on  all  the  resorts  of  Northern  Miohioan,  at  prices 
from  Fifty  to  Six  Hundred  Dollars  each.  Any  information  regard- 
ing the  SUMMER  RESORTS  will  be  cheerfully  given,  and  Plans 
and  PRICES  for  Cottages  furnished  on  application. 

Address  : 


CHAS.  W.  CASKEY, 

Harbor  Sf^r inters,   Emtnct  Co.,   Mich. 


LITTLE  TURTLE. 


./  (1 


■■H 


STYLISH  MILLINERY 


' 


J^T    THE 


Glove illAiii  Emp 


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JVo.  r,(i    MONTtOB  STItEJ^JT, 


Grand  Rcapids,  Mich. 


Kid  Gloves-  FMed  and   Wcirranied. 

Caslimere  and  Jersey  Gloves. 

GeiitlepTen's  Kids,  street  and   ))atHy 

shades.  Fitted  and  Warranted. 
Silk  and  V\/oolen  Mittens. 


AIR  Goods, 


WATER     WAVES,     LANGTRY       BANGS 

AND    SWITCHES,   BARK    COMBS 

AND    ORNAMENTS. 

MANUFACTURING     AND      DRESSING     WAVES     A 
SPECIALTY.        PRICES     CERTAIN 
TO     PLEASE     ALL. 


J\IRS.   A,   J^OIIJJ. 


ARCH  ROCK. 


ih)ii(%aiiUiiyii|ifii()rlr;iiis|ii,riiili,,o^ 

THE    O-I^EAT    L^ICE    ROXJTE I 

TIIF   TOIKlSTs'   CUnlCK   To   TIIK 

J>ummcv  Ji)c5ovt5  of  ^alu-  jMipcdov. 

TH,:   (.NI.V    HE(i|-r.AK    r.INF:   of 


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CHICAGO, 

MILWAUKEE, 

MACKINAW 

and  DULUTH 

And  all    Inlei.neaiate   Ports  in  the   Iron  and   Copper  District. 

For  SAFETY,  SPEED  AND  COMFORT  UNSURPASSED. 

ELEGANTLY  FURNISHED  CABINS  ami  STATEROOMS. 
MAGNIFICENT  SCENERIES. 

UNSURPASSED  CLIMATE.    NO  MALARIA. 

A  SUMMER   PARADISE 


I-orfurt/wr  iu/oniiation,   Tiiue  Cards  and  dr^xn\^//W  matter,  call  or  send  to 

GENERAL  OFFICES,  74  MARKET  ST,. 

CHIO^^U-O,    ILL. 


v-^S#. 


mm 


I'll- 


'"iSiii 


I'll -',\ 

lli!!v'^: 


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, ml! 

mtf 

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Vpl'  '  111 

Jji: 


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MARpUETTE  &  WESTERN  RAILROADS 

I  oirn,  witli  ilie  Michigan  ('.■iiiral  and  draiKi  kapids  .V  liuliaiia  Kailn.a.l>,  and  lli.' 
DetroilvV  Cleveland  Steam  Xavij^alicn  (  o.  and  ronntM  lions,  tin  v>  i  v  shortest  and 
most  cvprditions  routt-  fi(»ni  all  points  l^ast  and  >()iitl.  to  Mar. |iif'itr,  Ni},'aiinft\ 
Ishiieniin^S  llou^iiton,  ilauto,  k.  t  alunut.  (.)ni(>nat,M.ii.  laKle  llailior,  Lake  Lin- 
den, and  all  places  in  the  womlrilnl  Iron,  v'opiiti,  Ciold  and  Sihei  Kf.;ions  of 
Michigan. 

OVER  300  MILES  SHORTER 

1  ban  any  of  the  kontes  via  Chicago,  (|)leaM'  consnit  any  k,iilr(),id  (iiiidf  and 
verify  these  ligures),  and  passenj^.T  lares  proportionately  lower. 

TWO  MAIL  AND  EXPRESS  TRAINS 

l-.ach  w,ay  daily,  during;  t(jurist  season,  Sundays  excepted,  lietweeii  St.  Ii_'iiace  and 
iMarqiietto,  IshptMning  and  Nei^aunee. 

At  .\ei;aunei.'  connection  is  made  with  the  Mari|nette,  Honi;hton  \  '  Mitona^^on 
kailroad  lor  |)oints  beyond,  and  with  Chicajjo  \  Xorthuestera  kailnad  for  points 
South. 

OUR   EQUIPMENT    IS    FIRST  CLASS 

Kmls,  &(;,.  &c,    Piilliiiaii  Sleeping"  Cars  on  Niglil  Tiaiiis, 


There  is  no  heiter  i'isliint;  and  Hunting'  to  be  fonnd  in  Ann.'rica  than  can  In-  h.id 
at  points  along  the  line  of  the  Detroit,  Mai  kinac  iV  Marpiette  kailroad. 

\".  ater,  air  and  other  surroiuidings  ab.solutely  inire. 

Ask  for  Tickets  via  Detroit,  Mackinac  &  Marquette  R.  R. 

Hurin^  the  tourist  season  cheap  hxcnrsioii  Tickets  to  Manjuette,  the  beautilid 
Metropolis  of  Lake  Superior  region,  and  to  the  Iron  and  <  iold  mines  located  about 
Negaunee  and  Ishpeming,  and  to  the  Copper  and  Silver  mines  in  the  lloughiou, 
Hancock  and  Cahimil  disiricts,  can  be  had  of  the  F'icket  Agents  at  Markinac 
Island  and  at  St.  Ignace. 


Tor  further  information  apply  to 

DAN  L    Mc'COOL, 

•  ifiTl  Slip't, 


FFtANK    MILLIGAN, 

licn'l  I'nsH.  \n't, 

MAi;(,>l"KTTK. 


2;'M^>'  SMgl 


mm'' 


mrwk 


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UW, 


DI  RECTO F^S. 

/■AA'A')-  //  /.\.\.///.  V.I/////  A'./A' \/',V.  /.    /A'./r  ■)■  /    /)•, 

/.l.i//:S     MOk'd.W.  iiM,    MO/xi,A,\. 

OFFICERS. 

7:A'A')     //  /.\  \'. ///,    /'y,*/,A7//.  ./.    /A'./rrA/r,    \i\,'-rr,<u/rnt 

SMI  I II  l<'.  I A  .\  l:'S,  S,\irl.n\\   !i,\isim->-    inJ  i,,'ii'i'  .\,\iihti;i't . 

WHOLESALi;   AND   RETAIL 

Dealers  in  £vervtirni,i|' 

JVos.  I,  3,  5,  7,  0,  11,  i;{,  15  cSi    J  7    FRONT  ST., 


r-SuO         '5 


Ooveriiiir  Tvy-o  Acres  of  Floor  Room, 


TEAVEESE   CITY,  MIOH. 


'I'lie  Hannah  anh  Lw  Mkrcantiik  Co.,  tlie  r'/z/raiid  oiif^uuil  1  )I;.\LI;RS 
IN  i:Vl",RV'rHI.\G,  Ksl'Aiii.lsiiKi)  iiiiKrv  ^l■;AK-,  and  acknowledj^^'d  to  be  the 
largest  concern  in  llie  w.iy  of  ^^eneral  dealers,  Ijoth  at  u  iii  n  ksvi.i,  and  kkiaii.  in 
the  State  of  Micliij^^an.  l-.verv tiling  bought  and  sold  on  ./  cash  IhisIx,  and  par- 
ticular attention  paid   to  mail  orders. 

Trices  and  samples  sent  on  application  wlien  it  is  possible. 


-^X^^i^ 


